UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT _______________

No. 23-2843 _______________

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

v.

RONALD DEWITT VINES, Appellant _______________

On Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania (D.C. No. 2:18-cr-00013-001) District Judge: Honorable Paul S. Diamond _______________

Argued: December 11, 2024

Before: BIBAS, CHUNG, and ROTH, Circuit Judges

(Filed: April 21, 2025)

Robert A. Zauzmer [ARGUED] UNITED STATES ATTORNEY’S OFFICE 615 Chestnut Street Suite 1250 Philadelphia, PA 19106 Counsel for Appellee Justin Aimonetti [ARGUED, WITHDREW APPEARANCE] DECHERT 1900 K Street NW Washington, DC 20006 Michael H. McGinley Shane Sanderson DECHERT 2929 Arch Street 18th Floor, Cira Centre Philadelphia, PA 19104 Julia Shea DECHERT 1095 Avenue of the Americas 3 Bryant Park New York, NY 10036 Counsel for Appellant