UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT _____________

Nos. 18-2297 and 18-2323 _____________ PENNSYLVANIA PROFESSIONAL LIABILITY JOINT UNDERWRITING ASSOCIATION

v.

GOVERNOR OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA, THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA (Intervenor in District Court)

Governor of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Appellant in 18-2297

The General Assembly of The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Appellant in 18-2323

_____________

Nos. 19-1057 and 19-1058 _____________ PENNSYLVANIA PROFESSIONAL LIABILITY JOINT UNDERWRITING ASSOCIATION

v.

GOVERNOR OF PENNSYLVANIA; THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA; PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE PENNSYLVANIA SENATE; MINORITY LEADER PENNSYLVANIA SENATE; SPEAKER PENNSYLVANIA HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES; MINORITY LEADER PENNSYLVANIA HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES; INSURANCE COMMISSIONER PENNSYLVANIA

President Pro Tempore Pennsylvania Senate; Minority Leader Pennsylvania Senate; Speaker Pennsylvania House of Representatives, Minority Leader Pennsylvania House of Representatives, Appellants in 19-1057

Governor of Pennsylvania, Insurance Commissioner Pennsylvania, Appellants in 19-1058 _____________

Nos. 21-1099, 21-1112, and 21-1155 _____________

PENNSYLVANIA PROFESSIONAL LIABILITY JOINT UNDERWRITING ASSOCIATION

v.

2 GOVERNOR OF PENNSYLVANIA; GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA

General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Appellant in 21-1099

Governor of Pennsylvania, Appellant in 21-1112

Pennsylvania Professional Liability Joint Underwriting Association, Appellant in 21-1155 _______________

On Appeal from the United States District Court For the Middle District of Pennsylvania (D.C. Nos. 1-17-cv-2041, 1-18-cv-1308, and 1-19-cv-1121) District Judge: Honorable Christopher C. Conner _______________

Argued November 9, 2022

Before: CHAGARES, Chief Judge, JORDAN, and RESTREPO, Circuit Judges

(Filed: December 16, 2024) _______________

3 Nicole J. Boland Pennsylvania State Police Office of Chief Counsel 1800 Elmerton Avenue Harrisburg, PA 17110 Sean A. Kirkpatrick Keli M. Neary Karen M. Romano Office of Attorney General of Pennsylvania Strawberry Square – 15th Floor Harrisburg, PA 17120 Counsel for Governor of Pennsylvania Melissa Chapaska Kevin J. McKoen Dennis Whitaker Hawke McKeon & Sniscak 100 North Tenth Street P.O. Box 1778 Harrisburg, PA 17101 Counsel for Pennsylvania Professional Liability Joint Underwriting Association Karl S. Myers Stevens & Lee 555 City Avenue Suite 1170 Bala Cynwyd, PA 19004

4 Michael D. O’Mara Spencer R. Short Jonathan F. Bloom Stradley Ronon Stevens & Young 2005 Market Street – Suite 2600 Philadelphia, PA 19103 Counsel for General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Minority Leader Pennsylvania Senate, Speaker Pennsylvania House of Representatives, Minority Leader Pennsylvania House of Representatives, President Pro Tempore Pennsylvania Senate, and Insurance Commissioner Penn