PUBLISHED

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT

No. 23-4377

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

Plaintiff – Appellee,

v.

RHONDA NOTGRASS,

Defendant – Appellant.

No. 23-4378

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

Plaintiff – Appellee,

v.

ROBERT NOTGRASS,

Defendant – Appellant.

Appeals from the United States District Court for the Southern District of West Virginia, at Charleston. Irene C. Berger, District Judge. (2:23-cr-00016-1; 2:23-cr-00017-1)

Argued: September 24, 2024 Decided: February 27, 2025

Before KING and RICHARDSON, Circuit Judges, and William L. OSTEEN, Jr., United States District Judge for the Middle District of North Carolina, sitting by designation. USCA4 Appeal: 23-4378 Doc: 55 Filed: 02/27/2025 Pg: