UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT

No. 20-1418

FERNANDO M. SMITH; JAMIE CRABTREE; PRISTINE PRE-OWNED AUTOS, INC., a West Virginia corporation

Plaintiffs – Appellants,

v. MICHAEL LEE TRAVELPIECE, sued in his individual capacity as a West Virginia State Police Officer

Defendant – Appellee.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of West Virginia, at Martinsburg. Gina M. Groh, Chief District Judge. (3:19-cv-00200-GMG)

Argued: September 22, 2021 Decided: April 20, 2022

Before KING, THACKER, and RICHARDSON, Circuit Judges.

Affirmed by published opinion. Judge Richardson wrote the opinion in which Judge King and Judge Thacker joined.

ARGUED: Lonnie Carl Simmons, DITRAPANO BARRETT & DIPIERO, Charleston, West Virginia, for Appellants. Michael Deering Mullins, STEPTOE & JOHNSON PLLC, Charleston, West Virginia, for Appellee. ON BRIEF: Katherine M. Smith, STEPTOE & JOHNSON PLLC, Martinsburg, West Virginia, for Appellee. RICHARDSON, Circuit Judge:

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