UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT

┐ GEORGE EDWARD CLARK; KEVIN HARRINGTON, │ Plaintiffs-Appellees, │ > No. 23-1730 │ v. │ │ ANTHONY ABDALLAH; KEVIN SMITH, │ Defendants-Appellants. │ ┘

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan at Detroit. No. 2:21-cv-10001—Victoria A. Roberts, District Judge.

Argued: December 12, 2024

Decided and Filed: March 13, 2025

Before: BATCHELDER, MOORE, and BUSH, Circuit Judges.

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