UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT

┐ GLORIANNA MOORE, │ Plaintiff-Appellee, │ │ v. > No. 24-1563 │ │ OAKLAND COUNTY, MICHIGAN; ERIC HIX; DANIEL │ HEDRICK, │ Defendants, │ │ │ BRIAN WILSON, │ Defendant-Appellant. │ ┘

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan at Detroit. No. 2:22-cv-11187—Denise Page Hood, District Judge.

Decided and Filed: January 23, 2025

Before: SUTTON, Chief Judge; KETHLEDGE and MURPHY, Circuit Judges. _________________

COUNSEL ON BRIEF: Trevor S. Potter, POTTER, DEAGOSTINO & CLARK, Auburn Hills, Michigan, for Appellant. Jonathan A. Abent, CHRISTOPHER TRAINOR & ASSOCIATES, White Lake, Michigan, for Appellee. _________________

OPINION _________________

SUTTON, Chief Judge. When Glorianna Moore refused to show her license to Officer Brian Wilson at a traffic stop, he opened her car door and grabbed her arm. Because Moore started screaming and twisting her body away, Officer Wilson restrained her by holding her arm No. 24-1563 Moore v. Oakland County, Mich., et al. Page 2

and head until backup arrived. The encounter led to this § 1983 action against Officer Wilson. The district court rejected Officer Wilson’s motion for summary judgment premised on qualified immunity, reasoning that a jury could find that he violated Moore’s clearly established Fourth Amendment rights. We reverse.

I.

On May 8, 2020, Glorianna Moore drove her car to deliver a Dunkin’ Donuts order to a DoorDash customer in Pontiac, Michigan. Officer Brian Wilson noticed that she was going 50 miles per hour in a 35 mile-per-hour zone. He stopped her. Wilson’s dashcam and Moore’s phone camera captured the next three minutes.

Wilson approached the driver-side window and greeted her: “What’s up, man?” R.40-4 at 1:27. Seeing “some type of card in her hand,” R.40-3 at 51, he held his palm out and said, “Your license,” R.40-4 at 1:31. Moore responded: “What am I getting stopped for? What am I getting stopped for? I don’t have to give you my license.” R.40-4 at 1:33–1:35. Moore recoiled and moved her hands “towards the center console area . . . where [Officer Wilson] could not see” them. R.40-3 at 56–57.

Wilson tried to remove Moore from her vehicle. Telling her, “you’re coming out [of] the car,” he tried to open the driver-side door from the exterior handle, which was locked. R.40-4 at 1:37. He reached through the window to grab Moore’s arm and “control her hands.” R.40-3 at 61. At the same time, Wilson ordered Moore to “Shut the car off.” R.40-4 at 1:37–1:42. She did not agree to turn off the car. R.40-4 at 1:42–1:45. Moore leaned away and loudly objected, “No I don’t. Get off of me. Get off of me.” R.40-4 at 1:38–1:41.

Things escalated. Wilson opened the door from the inside and grabb