UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT

┐ STATE OF OKLAHOMA; OKLAHOMA HORSE RACING COMMISSION; │ TULSA COUNTY PUBLIC FACILITIES AUTHORITY, dba Fair Meadows │ Racing and Sports Bar; STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA; WEST VIRGINIA │ RACING COMMISSION; HANOVER SHOE FARMS, INC.; OKLAHOMA │ QUARTER HORSE RACING ASSOCIATION; GLOBAL GAMING RP, > No. 22-5487 LLC, dba Remington Park; WILL ROGERS DOWNS, LLC; UNITED │ STATES TROTTING ASSOCIATION; STATE OF LOUISIANA, │ Plaintiffs-Appellants, │ │ │ v. │ │ UNITED STATES OF AMERICA; HORSERACING INTEGRITY AND │ SAFETY AUTHORITY, INC.; LEONARD S. COLEMAN, JR.; NANCY M. │ COX; FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION; REBECCA KELLY SLAUGHTER, │ in her official capacity as Acting Chair of the Federal Trade │ Commission; NOAH JOSHUA PHILLIPS, in his official capacity as │ Commissioner of the Federal Trade Commission; ALVARO │ BEDOYA, in his official capacity as Commissioner of the Federal │ Trade Commission; CHRISTINE S. WILSON, in her official capacity │ as Commissioner of the Federal Trade Commission; STEVE │ BESHEAR; ADOLPHO A. BIRCH, JR.; ELLEN MCCLAIN; CHARLES P. │ SCHEELER; JOSEPH DEFRANCIS; SUSAN STOVER; BILL THOMASON; │ D.G. VAN CLIEF; LINA KHAN, │ Defendants-Appellees. │ │ ┘ Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Kentucky at Lexington. No. 5:21-cv-00104—Joseph M. Hood, District Judge.

Argued: December 7, 2022

Decided and Filed: March 3, 2023

Before: SUTTON, Chief Judge; COLE and GRIFFIN, Circuit Judges. No. 22-5487 State of Okla., et al. v. United States, et al. Page 2

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COUNSEL ARGUED: Matthew D. McGill, GIBSON, DUNN & CRUTCHER LLP, Washington, D.C., for Appellants. Courtney L. Dixon, UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, Washington, D.C., for Federal Appellees. Pratik A. Shah, AKIN GUMP STRAUSS HAUER & FELD LLP, Washington, D.C., for Horseracing Authority Appellees. ON BRIEF: Matthew D. McGill, Lochlan F. Shelfer, GIBSON, DUNN & CRUTCHER LLP, Washington, D.C., Zach West, Bryan Cleveland, OFFICE OF THE OKLAHOMA ATTORNEY GENERAL, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, Lindsay S. See, OFFICE OF THE WEST VIRGINIA ATTORNEY GENERAL, Charleston, West Virginia, Joseph Bocock, BOCOCK LAW PLLC, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, Todd Hembree, CHEROKEE NATION BUSINESS, Catoosa, Oklahoma, Elizabeth B. Murrill, LOUISIANA DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, Michael Burrage, WHITTEN BURRAGE, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, Jared C. Easterling, GREEN LAW FIRM PC, Ada, Oklahoma, for Appellants. Courtney L. Dixon, Joseph F. Busa, UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT