United States Court of Appeals For the Seventh Circuit ____________________ No. 22-2773 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. PAUL S. OSTERMAN, Defendant-Appellant. ____________________

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Wisconsin, No. 1:21-cr-110 — William C. Griesbach, Judge. ____________________

ARGUED NOVEMBER 29, 2023 — DECIDED AUGUST 1, 2024 ____________________

Before RIPPLE, SCUDDER, JACKSON-AKIWUMI, Circuit Judges. JACKSON-AKIWUMI, Circuit Judge. A detective in Oneida County, Wisconsin, applied for a warrant so he could place a GPS tracker on Paul Osterman’s truck. After monitoring the truck—a search within the meaning of the Fourth Amend- ment—authorities prosecuted Osterman for sex trafficking a child. Osterman later learned that some information the de- tective included in the affidavit seeking the warrant was in- correct. To Osterman, this meant the affidavit fail