United States Court of Appeals For the Seventh Circuit ____________________ No. 23-1888 ZIMMER BIOMET HOLDINGS, INC., Plaintiff-Appellant, v. MARY N. INSALL, as Executrix of the Estate of John N. Insall, Defendant-Appellee. ____________________

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois, Eastern Division. No. 1:22-cv-02575 — Lindsay C. Jenkins, Judge. ____________________

ARGUED JANUARY 19, 2024 — DECIDED JULY 12, 2024 ____________________

Before ST. EVE, LEE, and PRYOR, Circuit Judges. LEE, Circuit Judge. Dr. John Insall, an orthopedic surgeon who specialized in knee reconstruction and replacement, de- veloped and obtained a number of valuable foreign and do- mestic patents involving knee replacement devices and ac- coutrements that he licensed to Zimmer Biomet Holdings, Inc. In exchange, Zimmer agreed to pay substantial royalties to In- sall (which, upon his death, Zimmer paid