United States Court of Appeals For the Seventh Circuit ____________________ No. 23-3407 ASLI BAZ, Petitioner-Appellee, v. ANTHONY PATTERSON, Respondent-Appellant. ____________________

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois, Eastern Division. No. 1:23-cv-05017 — Jorge L. Alonso, Judge. ____________________

ARGUED APRIL 11, 2024 — DECIDED APRIL 30, 2024 ____________________

Before WOOD, HAMILTON, and LEE, Circuit Judges. WOOD, Circuit Judge. Asli Baz, a citizen of Germany, filed this suit under the International Child Abduction Remedies Act, Pub. L. No. 100-300, 102 Stat. 437 (“ICARA”), seeking to compel Anthony Patterson, a citizen of the United States, to return their six-year-old son, A.P., from Illinois to Germany. ICARA implements the Hague Convention on the Civil As- pects of International Child Abduction, T.I.A.S., No. 11,670, 1343 U.N.T.S. 89 (Oct. 25, 1980) (“the