United States Court of Appeals For the Seventh Circuit ____________________ No. 24-1858 ANDREA RATFIELD, et al.,

Plaintiffs-Appellants,

v. UNITED STATES DRUG TESTING LABORATORIES, INC., et al., Defendants-Appellees. ____________________

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois, Eastern Division. No. 1:23-cv-15063 — Robert W. Gettleman, Judge. ____________________

ARGUED JANUARY 16, 2025 — DECIDED JUNE 13, 2025 ____________________

Before SCUDDER, KIRSCH, and LEE, Circuit Judges. LEE, Circuit Judge. Plaintiffs, comprised of Andrea Ratfield, ten other pilots, a physician, a nurse, and an attorney, were all required to undergo alcohol testing to maintain their employ- ment and professional licenses. Here, the testing came in the form of a dried blood spot test developed by United States Drug Testing Laboratories, Inc. (USDTL). According to USDTL, its test (which we will refer to as DBS) is de