No. 23-2808 ___________________________

United States of America,

lllllllllllllllllllllPlaintiff - Appellee,

v.

Jae Michael Bernard,

lllllllllllllllllllllDefendant - Appellant. ____________

Appeal from United States District Court for the Northern District of Iowa - Cedar Rapids ____________

Submitted: October 23, 2024 Filed: May 9, 2025 ____________ Before COLLOTON, Chief Judge, SMITH and SHEPHERD, Circuit Judges. ____________ COLLOTON, Chief Judge.

Jae Michael Bernard appeals his conviction for unlawful possession of a firearm by a person convicted of a misdemeanor crime of domestic violence. See 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(9). Bernard moved to dismiss the indictment on the ground that § 922(g)(9) is unconstitutional on its face under the Second Amendment. The di