Nos. 23-1193/23-1289 ___________________________

Jacam Chemical Company 2013, LLC

Appellant/Cross-Appellee

v.

Arthur H. Shepard Jr.

Appellee

GeoChemicals, LLC

Appellee/Cross-Appellant ____________

Appeal from United States District Court for the District of North Dakota ____________

Submitted: February 15, 2024 Filed: May 17, 2024 ____________ Before BENTON, GRASZ, and STRAS, Circuit Judges. ____________ GRASZ, Circuit Judge.

These appeals come from multiple lawsuits that Jacam Chemical Company 2013, LLC (Jacam) filed against its competitor GeoChemicals, LLC and GeoChemicals’s employees. This particular lawsuit centers on Arthur Shepard Jr., a former Jacam employee who went to work for GeoChemicals.