No. 22-2969 ___________________________

United States of America

lllllllllllllllllllllPlaintiff - Appellee

v.

Jade LaRoche

lllllllllllllllllllllDefendant - Appellant ____________

Appeal from United States District Court for the District of South Dakota - Central ____________

Submitted: June 16, 2023 Filed: October 4, 2023 ____________ Before LOKEN, ERICKSON, and KOBES, Circuit Judges. ____________ LOKEN, Circuit Judge.

Around 2:30 a.m. on October 31, 2021, Jade LaRoche’s mother, Josephine Skunk, called local dispatch and said an officer needed to come by because her son was “acting up.” Bureau of Indian Affairs Officer Justin Schmiedt was dispatched to Skunk’s home, learning on the way that LaRoche had an active tribal arrest warrant. Ms. Skun