UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT GONZALES & GONZALES BONDS No. 22-16552 & INSURANCE AGENCY, INC.; TOPPER BROKERAGE, INC.; D.C. No. LEXINGTON NATIONAL 4:20-cv-08897- INSURANCE CORPORATION; KAW AMERICAN SURETY COMPANY; ALLEGHENY CASUALTY COMPANY, OPINION

Plaintiffs-Appellees,

v. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY; CHAD F. WOLF, Under the title of Acting Secretary of Homeland Security; UNITED STATES CITIZENSHIP AND IMMIGRATION SERVICES; KENNETH T. CUCCINELLI, Under the title of Senior Official Performing the Duties of the Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security,

Defendants-Appellants. 2 GONZALES & GONZALES BONDS & INS. AGENCY, INC. V. USDHS

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of California Kandis A. Westmore, Magistrate Judge, Presiding

Argued and Submitted October 19, 2023 San Francisco, California

Filed July 18, 2024

Before: Carlos T. Bea, Morgan Christen, and Anthony D.