UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT HITOSHI YOSHIKAWA, No. 21-15970 Plaintiff-Appellee, D.C. No. v. 1:18-cv-00162- JAO-RT TROY K. SEGUIRANT, Individually, Defendant-Appellant, OPINION and CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU; GREG TALBOYS; AGT CONSTRUCTION, LLC; JAMES A. SCHMIT, Defendants.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the District of Hawaii Jill Otake, District Judge, Presiding

Submitted En Banc March 21, 2023 * Pasadena, California

Filed July 25, 2023 * The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2). 2 YOSHIKAWA V. SEGUIRANT

Before: Mary H. Murguia, Chief Judge, and Sidney R. Thomas, Kim McLane Wardlaw, Ronald M. Gould, Consuelo M. Callahan, Morgan Christen, Jacqueline H. Nguyen, Eric D. Mil