TIMOTHY G. RILEY, No. 20-15882

Plaintiff-Appellant, D.C. No. 3:17-cv-02897-CRB

v. OPINION VOLKSWAGEN GROUP OF AMERICA, INC., DBA Volkswagen of America, Inc., a New Jersey corporation; VOLKSWAGEN AG,

Defendants-Appellees.

LUKE G. SANWICK; KATHRYN No. 20-15884 SANWICK, D.C. No. 3:17-cv-03032-CRB Plaintiffs-Appellants,

v. VOLKSWAGEN GROUP OF AMERICA, INC., DBA Volkswagen of America, Inc., a New Jersey corporation; VOLKSWAGEN AG,

Defendants-Appellees.

RICHARD V. ORTIZ; VIRGINIA TORRES No. 20-15885 ORTIZ, D.C. No. 3:18-cv-06951-CRB Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. VOLKSWAGEN GROUP OF AMERICA, INC., DBA Volkswagen of America, Inc., a New Jersey corporation; VOLKSWAGEN AG,

Defendants-Appellees.

JULIA ROBERTSON, No. 20-15886

Plaintiff-Appellant, D.C. No. 3:18-cv-06956-CRB

v. VOLKSWAGEN GROUP OF AMERICA, INC., DBA Volkswagen of America, Inc., a New Jersey corporation; VOLKSWAGEN AG,