IMPORTANT POINT
In exercising discretion under Section 5 of Limitation Act, 1963 the Courts should adopt a pragmatic approach. A distinction must be made between a case where the delay is inordinate and a case where the delay is of a few days. Depending upon facts in the later case the Court should follow a liberal approach to condone delay.

Headnote:Limitation Act, 1963-Section 5 -Application for condonation of delay of 7 days in filing appeal-Civil Judge dismissed it on ground of falsity of her case to illness as judgment was delivered on 30.4.1997 and certified copy was applied on 5.6.1997 -Illness of appellant was given as cause of delay-As soon as she felt better she filed the appeal-Summer vacation of Court from 1.5.97 to 1.6.97 escaped attention of Court-Whether Civil Judge was right? (No) whether High Court acted properly in Revision? (No)-Result-Appeal allowed-Delay condoned-Case law referred (Cross Ref : C.P.C. 1908-Section 115-Revision). (Paras 5 & 6)
       Held : In exercising discretion under Section 5 of the Limitation Act the courts should adopt a pragmatic approach. A distinction must be made between a case where the delay is inordinate and a case where the delay is of a few days. Whereas in the former case the consideration of prejudice to the other side will be a relevant factor so the case calls for a more cautious approach but in the latter case no such consideration may arise and such a case deserves a liberal approach. No hard and fast rule can be laid down in this regard. The Court has to exercise the discretion on the facts of each case keeping in mind that in construing the expression sufficient cause , the principle of advancing substantial justice is of prime importance. In our view in this case, the approach of the learned Civil Judge is wholly erroneous and his order is unsustainable. It is evident that the discretion under Section 5 of the Limitation Act is exercised by the Civil Judge in contravention of the law laid down by this Court, that the expression sufficient cause should receive liberal construction, in catena of decisions (see State of West Bengal v. The Administrator, Howrah Municipality and Ors. 1972(1) SCC 366 and Smt. Sandhya Rani Sarkar v. Smt. Sudha Rani Debi & Ors. 1978(2) SCC 116. The High Court in exercising its jurisdiction under Section 115 CPC failed to correct the jurisdictional error of the Appellate Court. (Para 5)
       Held consequently : For the aforementioned reasons, we set aside the impugned order of the High Court as well as that of the Civil Judge, Amalner (the appellate Court), condone the delay of seven days in filing the appeal, restore the appeal to the file of the Civil Judge and direct the learned Civil Judge, Amalner to decide the appeal on merits. (Para 6)

Judgement Key Points

Key Points: - The Court adopts a pragmatic approach under Section 5 of the Limitation Act, distinguishing between inordinate delays and delays of a few days. (!) - In cases of few days’ delay, prejudice to the opposite party may not be considered; liberal construction of "sufficient cause" is warranted to advance substantial justice. (!) - The case condoned a 7-day delay, restored the appeal, and directed merits adjudication, setting aside lower court orders. (!) - The appeal was allowed with no costs. (!) - The High Court and Civil Judge’s orders condoning delay were set aside; the appellate court’s discretion was exercised in contravention of established law. (!) - The applicant's illness and the court vacation period were noted as factors supporting liberal delay handling, not as falsity or mala fides. (!)

How to condone delay under Section 5 of the Limitation Act, 1963 in a civil appeal?

What is the approach to distinguishing between inordinate and few-days delay for purposes of Section 5 of the Limitation Act?

What are the grounds and consequences of condoning a 7-day delay in filing an appeal as held by the Supreme Court?

ORDER

Leave is granted.

2. Heard learned counsel for the parties.

3. This appeal is directed against the order of the High Court of Bombay, Aurangabad Bench in Civil Revision Application No. 884 of 1999 dated August 7, 2000, declining to interfere with the order of the Additional District Judge, Amalner, dated March 16, 1998 dismissing Misc. Civil Application No. 21 of 1997. The appellant made that application for condonation of delay of 7 days in filing the appeal against the order of the trial Court in Special C.S.No. 5/95 on the file of the Civil Judge, S.D. Amalner.

4. A perusal of the order of the learned Civil Judge shows that he found fault with the appellant on two grounds : (i) the judgment under appeal was delivered on April 30, 1997 but the application for certified copy was made on June 5, 1997 and (ii) in regard to the averment in the affidavit, filed in support of the application, her illness was given as a reason for the delay; it was pointed out that while she was still ill she filed the appeal. For those two reasons the application to condone the delay of seven days in filing the appeal was dismissed. It appears that the fact that during the period from May 1, 1997 to June 1, 1997 the Court was in vacation, has escaped the attention of the learned Appellate Judge. To avert further delay in filing the appeal as soon as she felt a little better she filed the appeal. This depicts her anxiety to minimise the delay rather than falsity of her case or mala fides.

5. In exercising discretion under Section 5 of the Limitation Act the courts should adopt a pragmatic approach. A distinction must be made between a case where the delay is inordinate and a case where the delay is of a few days. Whereas in the former case the consideration of prejudice to the other side will be a relevant factor so the case calls for a more cautious approach but in the latter case no such consideration may arise and such a case deserves a liberal approach. No hard and fast rule can be laid down in this regard. The Court has to exercise the discretion on the facts of each case keeping in mind that in construing the expression sufficient cause , the principle of advancing substantial justice is of prime importance. In our view in this case, the approach of the learned Civil Judge is wholly erroneous and his order is unsustainable. It is evident that the discretion under Section 5 of the Limitation Act is exercised by the Civil Judge in contravention of the law laid down by this Court, that the expression sufficient cause should receive liberal construction, in catena of decisions (see State of West Bengal v. The Administrator, Howrah Municipality and Ors.1 and Smt. Sandhya Rani Sarkar v. Smt. Sudha Rani Debi & Ors.2. The High Court in exercising its jurisdiction under Section 115 CPC failed to correct the jurisdictional error of the Appellate Court.

6. For the aforementioned reasons, we set aside the impugned order of the High Court as well as that of the Civil Judge, Amalner (the appellate Court), condone the delay of seven days in filing the appeal, restore the appeal to the file of the Civil Judge and direct the learned Civil Judge, Amalner to decide the appeal on merits.

7. The appeal is accordingly allowed. No costs.

(N.K.R.) Appeal allowed.

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2001 Supreme(SC) 955

How to condone delay under Section 5 of the Limitation Act, 1963 in a civil appeal?

What is the approach to distinguishing between inordinate and few-days delay for purposes of Section 5 of the Limitation Act?

What are the grounds and consequences of condoning a 7-day delay in filing an appeal as held by the Supreme Court?

Cases Referred (2)