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2014 Supreme(SC) 96

A.K.PATNAIK, FAKKIR MOHAMED IBRAHIM KALIFULLA
Mathew Varghese – Appellant
Versus
M. Amritha Kumar – Respondent


Advocates Appeared:
Mr. Krishnan Venugopal, Senior Advocate, Mr. Abir Phukhan, Mr. Uday Rathore and Mr. A. Raghunath, Advocates, with him for the appellant.
Mr. Shyam Diwan, Senior Advocate, Mr. M.K.S. Menon, Ms. Meena C.R., Mr. K. Prabhakaran, Mr. Himanshu Munshi, Mr. Manish Garani, Mr. Durga Dutt, Mr. Robin V.S., Mr. Abhinav Malhotra and Ms. Usha Nandini V., Advocates, with him for the respondents.

Judgement Key Points

The borrower's "trustee" argument invokes the secured creditor's duty under Rule 8(3) of the Security Interest (Enforcement) Rules, 2002, to safeguard the secured asset while in custody, taking "as much care of the property... as an owner of ordinary prudence would" during the enforcement process.[1000540330030][1000540330031] This duty prevents arbitrary or whimsical exercise of powers under the SARFAESI Act but focuses on preservation and protection until sale, not an absolute obligation to maximize sale price like a court auctioneer under CPC provisions.[1000540330025][1000540330026][1000540330030] The Act empowers the secured creditor to enforce security interest without court intervention, subject to statutory procedure, with borrower protections centered on redemption rights under Section 13(8) rather than post-notice price optimization.[1000540330023][1000540330025][1000540330027]

A single bid (or sole valid bid) at or near reserve price does not inherently breach this duty if the bank complies with mandatory steps: obtaining valuation from an approved valuer, fixing reserve price in consultation with the secured creditor, publishing public notice in two newspapers (one vernacular) detailing property, debt, reserve, terms, and inviting tenders/auction, and serving 30 days' individual notice to the borrower.[1000540330022] (!) (!) (!) [1000540330027][1000540330028][1000540330049] Here, the bank published notices on 23.08.2007 in leading papers, fixed reserve at Rs. 1.25 crore based on valuation, received two tenders (one withdrew post-court order), accepted the highest valid bid of Rs. 1.27 crore (above reserve), and confirmed after partial deposit—steps deemed procedurally initiated correctly until vitiated by postponement without fresh notice.[1000540330005][1000540330007][1000540330020][1000540330049][1000540330050]

The judgment invalidated the sale primarily for failing to re-notify after court-ordered postponement beyond 30 days (requiring fresh proclamation akin to allied rules), denying borrower's Section 13(8) redemption opportunity—not inadequate marketing or low price.[1000540330027][1000540330047][1000540330048][1000540330049][1000540330050] Even recognizing later higher offers (Rs. 2.03 crore), the Court confirmed the original sale with equitable adjustment (additional Rs. 76 lakh from purchaser), prioritizing stabilized rights post-procedure over endless re-bidding.[1000540330057][1000540330058] (!) (!) [1000540330060] Borrower cannot leverage "best price" to unwind compliant process; challenge lies in DRT under SARFAESI, not writ jurisdiction absent fundamental irregularity.[1000540330015][1000540330039]

To rebut: Demand proof of undervaluation (e.g., independent valuation > reserve) or non-compliance (e.g., no publication/notice); single bid reflects market response post-advertisement, not negligence.[1000540330028][1000540330029] Emphasize constitutional property protection via notice/redemption, not ex post price guarantees.[1000540330025][1000540330026]


JUDGMENT

Fakkir Mohammed Ibrahim Kalifulla, J.

1. Leave granted.

2. This appeal by the purchaser, in a tender-cum-auction sale held by the 4th Respondent-Bank, is directed against the judgements and final orders dated 08.03.2010 in Writ Appeal No. 1555 of 2009, Order dated 18.06.2010 in I.A. No. 437 of 2010 in Writ Appeal No. 1555 of 2009 and Order dated 08.07.2010 in I.A. No. 507 of 2010 in Writ Appeal No. 1555 of 2009 passed by the High Court of Kerala at Ernakulam.

3. The interesting but very serious question that arises for consideration in this appeal is as regards the interpretation of Section 13(8) of the SARFAESI Act read with Rules 8 and 9 of the Security Interest (Enforcement) Rules, 2002 (hereinafter referred to as 'the Rules, 2002').

4. The 1st and 2nd Respondents herein stood as guarantors in respect of a credit facility to the tune of Rs. 30,00,000/- granted by the 4th Respondent-Bank in favour of a company called 'Jerry Merry Exports Private Limited'. As guarantors, the 1st and 2nd Respondents created an EQUITABLE MORTGAGE in favour of 4th Respondent-Bank by depositing the title deeds of their property bearing Survey No. 150/12A (40.20 cents), Survey No. 150/12C (11 cents

















































































































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