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2018 Supreme(SC) 673

DEEPAK GUPTA, UDAY UMESH LALIT
U. P. P. S. C. , Through its Chairman – Appellant
Versus
Rahul Singh – Respondent


Advocates Appeared:
For the Appellants :- Ankit Yadav, Shrish Kumar Misra, Badri Prasad Singh, Ankur Sood, Sanjay Rastogi, Advs.
For the Respondents:- Badri Prasad Singh, Gopal Jha, Bankey Bihari Sharma, Shrish Kumar Misra, Advs.

JUDGMENT

Deepak Gupta, J. - Applications for impleadment are allowed.

2. Leave granted.

3. These appeals are being disposed of by a common judgment since they arise out of one judgment delivered by the High Court of Allahabad on 30.03.2018.

4. Briefly stated, the facts necessary for the decision of this case are that the appellant U.P. Public Service Commission (for short `the Commission') issued an advertisement on 22.02.2017 inviting applications for filling up vacancies in the Upper Subordinate Services of the State. The selection is conducted through a three stage test consisting of preliminary written examination, main examination and interview. Those candidates who clear the preliminary examination are entitled to appear in the main examination.

5. The preliminary examination consisted of two papers namely General Studies-I and General Studies-II. We are in this case concerned only with the General Studies-I paper which carried 200 marks and consists of 150 objective type questions with multiple choice answers. After the preliminary examination was conducted, key answers were published by the Commission. Many persons including the petitioners before the Allahabad High Court conten






















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Judicial Analysis

None of the cases listed explicitly indicate that they have been overruled, reversed, or explicitly treated as bad law. There are no phrases such as "overruled," "reversed," "disapproved," or "overruled by" present in the provided descriptions. Many references cite Rahul Singh (2018) 7 SCC 254 as a foundational or guiding decision, but there is no clear indication that any subsequent case has explicitly questioned or criticized its validity or legal standing. Therefore, based solely on the provided information, no case is definitively identified as bad law or overruled.

1. **Followed / Reiterated / Affirmed / Cited as Authority**

Many cases refer to Rahul Singh (2018) 7 SCC 254 as a controlling precedent or authoritative source for principles relating to judicial review, expert opinion deference, and examination procedures. For example:

Cases like DHIRENDRA KUMAR VS STATE OF U. P. - 2018 0 Supreme(All) 2039, Shimla Singh VS State Of U. P. - 2018 0 Supreme(All) 2245, Shyam Singh Ranawat VS Jaipur Vidhyut Vitaran Nigam Limited - 2019 0 Supreme(Raj) 141, Champa Lal VS State of Rajasthan - 2019 0 Supreme(Raj) 853, Ashok Kumar VS High Court of Judicature For Rajasthan, Jodhpur - 2019 0 Supreme(Raj) 753, Arti Meena D/o Dhanji Lal Meena VS Rajasthan High Court, Jodhpur, Through Its Registrar - 2019 0 Supreme(Raj) 2817, Jagdish Kumar Choudhary VS Rajasthan Public Service Commission, Ajmer Through Its Secretary - 2020 0 Supreme(Raj) 274, Ankit Sharma S/o Kalyan Prasad VS Rajasthan Public Service Commission, Through Its Secretary, Ajmer - 2022 0 Supreme(Raj) 26, Laxman Singh Bhati S/o Shri Shiv Singh Bhati VS Rajathan Subordinate and Ministerial Service Selection Board - 2023 0 Supreme(Raj) 32, Prema Ram Patel S/o Bheema Ram Patel VS State Of Rajasthan, Through The Chief Secretary - 2024 0 Supreme(Raj) 596, Pankaj Yadav, S/o. Bhagwan Sahay Yadav VS Principal Secretary, Department Of Medical, Health And Family Welfare, Government Of Rajasthan - 2024 0 Supreme(Raj) 1395, , Kavita Bhargava D/o Shri Devkinandan Bhargava VS Registrar Examination, Rajasthan High Court, Jodhpur (Raj. ) - 2022 0 Supreme(Raj) 624, Sarita Meena VS State of Rajasthan - 2021 0 Supreme(Raj) 1107, Vinod Kumar S/o Shri Om Prakash VS State Of Rajasthan - 2020 0 Supreme(Raj) 453, Arti Meena D/o Dhanji Lal Meena VS Rajasthan High Court, Jodhpur, Through Its Registrar - 2019 0 Supreme(Raj) 2817, Kushal Bhardwaj, S/o. Narender Bhardwaj VS State Of Rajasthan, Through Its Secretary, Panchayati Raj Department, Government Secretariat, Rajasthan - 2023 0 Supreme(Raj) 473, Nidhi Choudhary, D/o. Shri Rajendra Singh Bhamu VS State Of Rajasthan, Through Its Principal Secretary, Department Of Panchayati Raj Department (Elementary Education) Government Of Rajasthan - 2024 0 Supreme(Raj) 702, Ankit Sharma S/o Kalyan Prasad VS Rajasthan Public Service Commission, Through Its Secretary, Ajmer - 2022 0 Supreme(Raj) 26, Sajjan Kumar Dhaka VS State Of Rajasthan - 2022 0 Supreme(Raj) 1489, Ashwini Chaturvedid VS High Court Of Judicature For Rajasthan - 2022 0 Supreme(Raj) 1780, , Pankaj Yadav, S/o. Bhagwan Sahay Yadav VS Principal Secretary, Department Of Medical, Health And Family Welfare, Government Of Rajasthan - 2024 0 Supreme(Raj) 1395, Jagdish Kumar Choudhary VS Rajasthan Public Service Commission, Ajmer Through Its Secretary - 2020 0 Supreme(Raj) 274, Kavita Bhargava D/o Shri Devkinandan Bhargava VS Registrar Examination, Rajasthan High Court, Jodhpur (Raj. ) - 2022 0 Supreme(Raj) 624, Prema Ram Patel S/o Bheema Ram Patel VS State Of Rajasthan, Through The Chief Secretary - 2024 0 Supreme(Raj) 596, Ankit Sharma S/o Kalyan Prasad VS Rajasthan Public Service Commission, Through Its Secretary, Ajmer - 2022 0 Supreme(Raj) 26, and many others explicitly mention that Rahul Singh (2018) 7 SCC 254 laid down principles that continue to be authoritative or have been reiterated in subsequent judgments.

These references indicate a pattern of the case being followed, reaffirmed, or used as a legal benchmark, which suggests its treatment as good law and a binding or persuasive authority.

2. **Reinforcement of Principles/Legal Position**

Several references emphasize that Rahul Singh (2018) 7 SCC 254 established certain legal principles, especially regarding judicial review limits, expert opinion deference, and procedural correctness. For example:

Examination Regulatory Authority, Allahabad VS Rishabh Mishra - 2020 0 Supreme(All) 1338, Mukesh Kumar VS State Of U. P. - 2024 0 Supreme(All) 588, Gyan Prakash Singh VS State of U. P. - 2022 0 Supreme(All) 1541, Anoop Kumar Singh VS State Of U. P. - 2022 0 Supreme(All) 806, Rohit Shukla VS State of U. P. - 2021 0 Supreme(All) 411, Ajay Kumar Shukla VS State Of Uttar Pradesh - 2024 0 Supreme(All) 1093, Mukesh Kumar VS State Of U. P. - 2024 0 Supreme(All) 588, and others highlight that the principles laid down in Rahul Singh are reaffirmed or reiterated, indicating its continued validity and acceptance.

3. **Judicial Treatment of the Case in Context of Related Cases**

Some references discuss Rahul Singh in conjunction with other judgments, such as Ran Vijay Singh, Uttar Pradesh Public Service Commission, and others, to reinforce or compare principles, but without indicating any negative treatment.

Several references mention Rahul Singh (2018) 7 SCC 254 in passing or as part of a broader discussion but do not explicitly state whether the case has been overruled, questioned, or criticized. For example:

GUJARAT PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION VS RAVIKUMAR BHARATKUMAR PATEL - 2019 0 Supreme(Guj) 337, Purbasha Das VS National Testing Agency - 2019 0 Supreme(Del) 1541, Mahipal VS Union of India - 2020 0 Supreme(Del) 1099, DIVYANG J SHAH VS STATE OF GUJARAT - 2021 0 Supreme(Guj) 913, Parth Manishkumar Patel VS State Of Gujarat - 2023 0 Supreme(Guj) 1295, Shubham Pal VS Staff Selection Commission - 2024 0 Supreme(Del) 264, Mohd. Haris Pasha VS Central Board of Secondary Education - 2024 0 Supreme(Del) 339, Prema Ram Patel S/o Bheema Ram Patel VS State Of Rajasthan, Through The Chief Secretary - 2024 0 Supreme(Raj) 596, Mukesh Kumar VS State Of U. P. - 2024 0 Supreme(All) 588, Nidhi Choudhary, D/o. Shri Rajendra Singh Bhamu VS State Of Rajasthan, Through Its Principal Secretary, Department Of Panchayati Raj Department (Elementary Education) Government Of Rajasthan - 2024 0 Supreme(Raj) 702, Ajay Kumar Shukla VS State Of Uttar Pradesh - 2024 0 Supreme(All) 1093, S. Srinivasan VS State of Tamilnadu, Rep. by its Principal Secretary to Government School Education Department - 2024 0 Supreme(Mad) 1114, W. B. Board of Primary Education VS Mousona Mitra - 2024 0 Supreme(Cal) 940, Arun Chettri VS State of Sikkim - 2021 0 Supreme(Sikk) 24, Anoop Kumar Singh VS State Of U. P. - 2022 0 Supreme(All) 806, State of Tripura VS Sangita Chakraborty - 2022 0 Supreme(Tri) 182, Laishram Romesh Singh VS Manipur Public Service Commission - 2022 0 Supreme(Manipur) 20, Kundan Singh Malara VS Uttarakhand Subordinate Service Selection Commission - 2022 0 Supreme(UK) 370, Arsiya Bano VS State of U. P. - 2022 0 Supreme(All) 627, Assam Public Service Commission, Represented by its Chairman VS Hrishikesh Das, S/o Sri Hiten Kumar Das - 2021 0 Supreme(Gau) 469, Bharat Saring, S/o Shri Kato Saring VS State Of A. P. - 2021 0 Supreme(Gau) 453, Shivendra Bahadur S/o Shri Hirendra Singh VS State Of Chhattisgarh Through Its Secretary, Department Of Higher Education - 2023 0 Supreme(Chh) 53, Kidwai Memorial Institute Of Oncology VS Leena S. - 2023 0 Supreme(Kar) 789, State of Tamil Nadu Rep. By its Secretary to Government, School Education Department, Chennai VS V. Saravanan - 2023 0 Supreme(Mad) 704, Pankaj Yadav, S/o. Bhagwan Sahay Yadav VS Principal Secretary, Department Of Medical, Health And Family Welfare, Government Of Rajasthan - 2024 0 Supreme(Raj) 1395, Uzma Nazneen vs Asia Tabassum - 2025 0 Supreme(Telangana) 650, N.Karthika vs State Of Tamil Nadu Represented By Its Secretary - 2025 0 Supreme(Mad) 2805, C.Thiripurasundari vs State of Tamil Nadu - 2025 Supreme(Online)(MAD) 14381, P.Bharathkumar vs The State of Tamil Nadu - 2025 Supreme(Online)(Mad) 21514, C.THIRUNAVUKKARASU vs The State of Tamil Nadu - 2025 Supreme(Online)(MAD) 15671, Prashant Rai vs State Of U.P. - 2025 0 Supreme(All) 2243, Cosmopolitan Technology of Maritime, Rep. by its Director N.Vijayakumar vs The Additional Director General of Shipping - 2025 Supreme(Online)(Mad) 57120, M. K. Ranjitsinh VS Union of India - 2025 0 Supreme(SC) 2088, Kushal Bhardwaj, S/o. Narender Bhardwaj VS State Of Rajasthan, Through Its Secretary, Panchayati Raj Department, Government Secretariat, Rajasthan - 2023 0 Supreme(Raj) 473, IN THE MATTER OF:National Board Of Examination VS Association Of Md Physicians - 2022 0 Supreme(Del) 2201, Sajjan Kumar Dhaka VS State Of Rajasthan - 2022 0 Supreme(Raj) 1489, Sunita VS State of Uttarakhand - 2022 0 Supreme(UK) 262, Gyan Prakash Singh VS State of U. P. - 2022 0 Supreme(All) 1541, Laxman Singh Bhati S/o Shri Shiv Singh Bhati VS Rajathan Subordinate and Ministerial Service Selection Board - 2023 0 Supreme(Raj) 32, Pawar Ashish Darasing VS State of Maharashtra Through the Chief Secretary - 2023 0 Supreme(Bom) 114, Manish Kumar S/o. Ramhau Ram VS State of Chhattisgarh Through Its Secretary School Education Department - 2023 0 Supreme(Chh) 414, Purushottam Singh Dhruv, S/o Ramratan Singh VS State Of Chhattisgarh - 2023 0 Supreme(Chh) 619, Smt Mamta Kumari VS University Grant Commission Through Its Chairman - 2023 0 Supreme(Del) 5333, Panchal Jagdishbhai Prabhubhai VS State Of Gujarat - 2024 0 Supreme(Guj) 7, Shubham Pal VS Staff Selection Commission - 2024 0 Supreme(Del) 264, Mohd. Haris Pasha VS Central Board of Secondary Education - 2024 0 Supreme(Del) 339, Prema Ram Patel S/o Bheema Ram Patel VS State Of Rajasthan, Through The Chief Secretary - 2024 0 Supreme(Raj) 596, Mukesh Kumar VS State Of U. P. - 2024 0 Supreme(All) 588, Nidhi Choudhary, D/o. Shri Rajendra Singh Bhamu VS State Of Rajasthan, Through Its Principal Secretary, Department Of Panchayati Raj Department (Elementary Education) Government Of Rajasthan - 2024 0 Supreme(Raj) 702, Ajay Kumar Shukla VS State Of Uttar Pradesh - 2024 0 Supreme(All) 1093, S. Srinivasan VS State of Tamilnadu, Rep. by its Principal Secretary to Government School Education Department - 2024 0 Supreme(Mad) 1114, W. B. Board of Primary Education VS Mousona Mitra - 2024 0 Supreme(Cal) 940, Arun Chettri VS State of Sikkim - 2021 0 Supreme(Sikk) 24, Anoop Kumar Singh VS State Of U. P. - 2022 0 Supreme(All) 806, State of Tripura VS Sangita Chakraborty - 2022 0 Supreme(Tri) 182, Laishram Romesh Singh VS Manipur Public Service Commission - 2022 0 Supreme(Manipur) 20, Kundan Singh Malara VS Uttarakhand Subordinate Service Selection Commission - 2022 0 Supreme(UK) 370, Arsiya Bano VS State of U. P. - 2022 0 Supreme(All) 627, Assam Public Service Commission, Represented by its Chairman VS Hrishikesh Das, S/o Sri Hiten Kumar Das - 2021 0 Supreme(Gau) 469, Bharat Saring, S/o Shri Kato Saring VS State Of A. P. - 2021 0 Supreme(Gau) 453, Shivendra Bahadur S/o Shri Hirendra Singh VS State Of Chhattisgarh Through Its Secretary, Department Of Higher Education - 2023 0 Supreme(Chh) 53, Kidwai Memorial Institute Of Oncology VS Leena S. - 2023 0 Supreme(Kar) 789, State of Tamil Nadu Rep. By its Secretary to Government, School Education Department, Chennai VS V. Saravanan - 2023 0 Supreme(Mad) 704, Pankaj Yadav, S/o. Bhagwan Sahay Yadav VS Principal Secretary, Department Of Medical, Health And Family Welfare, Government Of Rajasthan - 2024 0 Supreme(Raj) 1395, Uzma Nazneen vs Asia Tabassum - 2025 0 Supreme(Telangana) 650, N.Karthika vs State Of Tamil Nadu Represented By Its Secretary - 2025 0 Supreme(Mad) 2805, C.Thiripurasundari vs State of Tamil Nadu - 2025 Supreme(Online)(MAD) 14381, P.Bharathkumar vs The State of Tamil Nadu - 2025 Supreme(Online)(Mad) 21514, C.THIRUNAVUKKARASU vs The State of Tamil Nadu - 2025 Supreme(Online)(MAD) 15671, Prashant Rai vs State Of U.P. - 2025 0 Supreme(All) 2243, Cosmopolitan Technology of Maritime, Rep. by its Director N.Vijayakumar vs The Additional Director General of Shipping - 2025 Supreme(Online)(Mad) 57120, M. K. Ranjitsinh VS Union of India - 2025 0 Supreme(SC) 2088, Kushal Bhardwaj, S/o. Narender Bhardwaj VS State Of Rajasthan, Through Its Secretary, Panchayati Raj Department, Government Secretariat, Rajasthan - 2023 0 Supreme(Raj) 473, IN THE MATTER OF:National Board Of Examination VS Association Of Md Physicians - 2022 0 Supreme(Del) 2201, Sajjan Kumar Dhaka VS State Of Rajasthan - 2022 0 Supreme(Raj) 1489, Sunita VS State of Uttarakhand - 2022 0 Supreme(UK) 262, Gyan Prakash Singh VS State of U. P. - 2022 0 Supreme(All) 1541, Laxman Singh Bhati S/o Shri Shiv Singh Bhati VS Rajathan Subordinate and Ministerial Service Selection Board - 2023 0 Supreme(Raj) 32, Pawar Ashish Darasing VS State of Maharashtra Through the Chief Secretary - 2023 0 Supreme(Bom) 114, Manish Kumar S/o. Ramhau Ram VS State of Chhattisgarh Through Its Secretary School Education Department - 2023 0 Supreme(Chh) 414, Purushottam Singh Dhruv, S/o Ramratan Singh VS State Of Chhattisgarh - 2023 0 Supreme(Chh) 619, Smt Mamta Kumari VS University Grant Commission Through Its Chairman - 2023 0 Supreme(Del) 5333, Panchal Jagdishbhai Prabhubhai VS State Of Gujarat - 2024 0 Supreme(Guj) 7, Shubham Pal VS Staff Selection Commission - 2024 0 Supreme(Del) 264, Mohd. Haris Pasha VS Central Board of Secondary Education - 2024 0 Supreme(Del) 339, Prema Ram Patel S/o Bheema Ram Patel VS State Of Rajasthan, Through The Chief Secretary - 2024 0 Supreme(Raj) 596, Mukesh Kumar VS State Of U. P. - 2024 0 Supreme(All) 588, Nidhi Choudhary, D/o. Shri Rajendra Singh Bhamu VS State Of Rajasthan, Through Its Principal Secretary, Department Of Panchayati Raj Department (Elementary Education) Government Of Rajasthan - 2024 0 Supreme(Raj) 702, Ajay Kumar Shukla VS State Of Uttar Pradesh - 2024 0 Supreme(All) 1093, S. Srinivasan VS State of Tamilnadu, Rep. by its Principal Secretary to Government School Education Department - 2024 0 Supreme(Mad) 1114, W. B. Board of Primary Education VS Mousona Mitra - 2024 0 Supreme(Cal) 940, Arun Chettri VS State of Sikkim - 2021 0 Supreme(Sikk) 24, Anoop Kumar Singh VS State Of U. P. - 2022 0 Supreme(All) 806, State of Tripura VS Sangita Chakraborty - 2022 0 Supreme(Tri) 182, Laishram Romesh Singh VS Manipur Public Service Commission - 2022 0 Supreme(Manipur) 20, Kundan Singh Malara VS Uttarakhand Subordinate Service Selection Commission - 2022 0 Supreme(UK) 370, Arsiya Bano VS State of U. P. - 2022 0 Supreme(All) 627, Assam Public Service Commission, Represented by its Chairman VS Hrishikesh Das, S/o Sri Hiten Kumar Das - 2021 0 Supreme(Gau) 469, Bharat Saring, S/o Shri Kato Saring VS State Of A. P. - 2021 0 Supreme(Gau) 453, Shivendra Bahadur S/o Shri Hirendra Singh VS State Of Chhattisgarh Through Its Secretary, Department Of Higher Education - 2023 0 Supreme(Chh) 53, Kidwai Memorial Institute Of Oncology VS Leena S. - 2023 0 Supreme(Kar) 789, State of Tamil Nadu Rep. By its Secretary to Government, School Education Department, Chennai VS V. Saravanan - 2023 0 Supreme(Mad) 704, Pankaj Yadav, S/o. Bhagwan Sahay Yadav VS Principal Secretary, Department Of Medical, Health And Family Welfare, Government Of Rajasthan - 2024 0 Supreme(Raj) 1395, Uzma Nazneen vs Asia Tabassum - 2025 0 Supreme(Telangana) 650, N.Karthika vs State Of Tamil Nadu Represented By Its Secretary - 2025 0 Supreme(Mad) 2805, etc.

In these cases, treatment is not explicitly described as overruled or criticized. They seem to cite Rahul Singh as a precedent or authority without indicating any negative judicial treatment.

Therefore, treatment remains uncertain for these cases, and they are categorized as "uncertain" due to lack of explicit treatment language.

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