SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
M.M.Sundresh, J.B.Pardiwala, JJ.
T.G.Krishnamurthy & Ors. – Appellants
Versus
State of Karnataka & Ors. – Respondents
Criminal Appeal No.1265 of 2012
Decided On : 17-08-2023
| Table of Content |
|---|
| 1. background of the case and prosecution evidence (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 4) |
| 2. high court's reasoning for partial conviction (Para 5) |
| 3. argument on reliance on eyewitness testimony (Para 6 , 7) |
| 4. conclusion and order from the court (Para 8 , 9) |
ORDER :
1. The present appeal has been preferred by accused Nos.1 to 3 seeking to overturn the conviction rendered by the Trial Court as confirmed by the High Court of Karnataka for the offences under Section 302 read with Sections 120B and 34 of the INDIAN PENAL CODE , (for short, ‘IPC') and Section 307 read with Section 34 of the IPC.
2. The case of the prosecution is that there was a prior dispute between PW1 and the first appellant regarding the possession and cultivation of the tank bed. On the fateful day all the accused persons numbering 8, armed with deadly weapons had assaulted PW1, PW27 and PW28 and the two deceased persons. All of them were taken to the hospital wherein the deceased Nos.1 and 2 succumbed to the injuries.
3. PW1 being the injured eye-witness, along with PW27 and PW28, is the author of the first information report. These three witnesses suffered fractures. PW1 has named all the appellants in the first information report.
4. In the complaint registered, the occurrence having taken place in two different places was not mentioned. Before the Court the prosecution took a stand that the deceased No.1 was attacked in a different place along with PW1, PW27 and PW28 and thereafter the deceased No.2 was attacked in another place. The Trial Court held that the FIR being a document which merely sets the criminal law into motion and brings to notice that the offence has been committed is not expected to furnish graphic details. Accordingly, all the accused persons were convicted.
5. On appeal, the High Court while acquitting the other accused persons convicted the appellants inter alia holding that the evidence of PW1, PW27 and PW28 cannot be applied to the death of deceased No.2 and there is no reference even in the first information report to the presence of the other accused. However, taking note of the fact that these witnesses are injured eye-witnesses, conviction was rendered for the death of the deceased No.1 and for the injuries caused to the witnesses.
6. Learned counsel for the appellants submitted that the High Court has committed an error in placing partial reliance upon the evidence of PW1, PW27 and PW28, having been found that their testimony cannot be relied upon for the charge pertaining to the death of the deceased No.2, the same ought to have been applied for the other offences as well.
7. The principle governing "Falsus in uno, falsus in omnibus" has got no application to the courts in India. Therefore, it is the duty of the Court to remove the chaff from the grain in its pursuit for truth. As rightly held by the High Court PW1, PW27 and PW28 are the injured eyewitnesses. They were attacked along with deceased No.1. The reasoning adopted for the acquittal of the accused qua the death of deceased No.2 cannot be imported to that of the first accused and the injuries caused to the aforesaid three witnesses. Thus, we do not find any error in the approach adopted by the High Court.
8. For the foregoing reasons, the appeal stands dismissed.
9. The bail bonds, if any, stand cancelled. The appellants, if not on bail, shall be taken into custody to serve the remainder of the sentence.
(1) Principle “falsus in uno falsus in omnibus” may not have unadulterated application to criminal jurisprudence.(2) Verdict of acquittal cannot be overturned without concrete reasons.
The High Court emphasized that minor inconsistencies in eyewitness testimony do not undermine its reliability, and medical evidence should support rather than contradict eyewitness accounts.
Failure of prosecution to examine independent eyewitnesses whose statements were recorded, becomes very relevant in a murder case.
The court ruled that eyewitness evidence, despite familial bias, may be credible; thus, a conviction under Section 304(i) IPC was appropriate, reflecting mitigating circumstances and reevaluating the....
Doctrine of “falsus in uno falsus in omnibus” (false in one thing, false in everything) is not applicable in India.
A conviction for murder under Section 302 IPC can be upheld on the reliable testimony of a single eyewitness, corroborated by medical evidence.
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