High Court of Judicature at Madras
THE HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE S. S. SUBRAMANI
Sambandam - Appellant
Versus
Janakiammal - Respondents
Civil Revn. Petn. No. 2902 of 1991
Decided On : 12 January 1996
DEBT RELIEF ACT - TAMIL NADU DEBT RELIEF ACT, 1980 - S. 6 - CERTIFICATE OF DISCHARGE - EVIDENTIARY VALUE - CIVIL COURT DECREE - JURISDICTION OF TAHSILDAR - BURDEN OF PROOF - RELEVANT FACTORS.
Fact of the Case:
The judgment debtor obtained a certificate of discharge under S. 6 of the Tamil Nadu Debt Relief Act, 1980 from the Tahsildar, claiming the benefit of the Act. The decree holder challenged the certificate in execution proceedings, arguing that the Tahsildar lacked jurisdiction to issue the certificate while a civil court decree was pending.
Finding of the Court:
The court held that the Tahsildar exceeded his statutory powers in issuing the certificate of discharge while a civil court decree was pending. The court further held that the judgment debtor failed to discharge the initial burden of proving his entitlement to the benefits of the Act.
Issues: 1. Whether the Tahsildar had jurisdiction to issue a certificate of discharge under S. 6 of the Tamil Nadu Debt Relief Act, 1980 while a civil court decree was pending? 2. Whether the judgment debtor discharged the burden of proving his entitlement to the benefits of the Act?
Ratio Decidendi: 1. The court relied on a previous decision of the Madras High Court, R.K.R. Radhakrishna Chettiar and Sons v. Tahsildar (Debt Relief), Kumbakonam, which held that the Tahsildar lacked jurisdiction to issue a certificate of discharge while a civil court decree was pending. The court reasoned that the Tahsildar could not nullify a decree passed by a civil court and that the judgment debtor should have approached the civil court to claim the benefits of the Act. 2. The court held that the judgment debtor failed to adduce evidence to prove that he was entitled to the benefits of the Act. The court noted that the judgment debtor was in possession of various properties and had purchased a property in 1986, which indicated that he was not in a financially distressed condition.
Final Decision: The court dismissed the revision petition filed by the judgment debtor and directed the executing court to expedite the execution of the decree.
This revision is by the judgment-debtor in O.S. No. 260 of 1974, on the file of the District Munsif's Court at Sirkali.
2. A mortgage decree was obtained by the respondent herein and when the same was sought to be executed, the judgment-debtor claimed the benefit of Act 13 of 1980, i.e., Tamil Nadu Debt Relief Act 13 of 1980.
3. In execution petition when the property was brought to sale, the judgment- debtor moved the local Tahsildar to get certificate of discharge under S.6 of the Act. It is seen that notice of the said application was given to the decree holder, but she did not appear. Naturally an ex parte order was passed by the Tahsildar issuing a certificate declaring that the debt has been discharged. In the meanwhile, in execution in Civil Court, a date was fixed for sale. The judgment-debtor, therefore, filed C.R.P. No. 2070 of 1983 before this Court, and this Court, as per order dated 12-7-1989, set 'aside the order of the Court below and directed the executing Court to consider the evidentiary value of the certificate issued by the Tahsildar and how far the judgment-debtor is entitled to the benefits of Act 13 of 1980.
4. After remand, by the impugned order, the Lower Court said that the judgment- debtor is not entitled to the benefits of Act 13 of 1980. The correctness of the same is challenged in this revision.
5. The learned counsel for the petitioner submitted that so long as the order of the Tahsildar remains unchallenged, the same having been issued by an authority under the Statute, it must be given proper weight, and .so long as there is no counter evidence, the judgment-debtor is entitled to the benefits of Act 13 of 1980. It is also contended by learned counsel that while considering the entitlement to the benefit, the executing Court has taken into consideration irrelevant circumstances, i.e., the assets and income of the judgment- debtor as of 1986 were taken into consideration and, therefore, it is patently illegal.
6. I will first consider what is the evidentiary value of the certificate issued by the Tahsildar.
7. In 1982 TLNJ 66 (R.K.R. Radhakrishna Chettiar and Sons v. Tahsildar (Debt Relief), Kumbakonam, a Division Bench of this Court considered this aspect. In that case also, a mortgage decree was obtained and while the decree was pending execution, the judgment-debtor moved the Tahsildar for getting a certificate. The certificate was issued under S.6 of the Act. The correctness of the same was challenged in a writ petition before this Court. While considering the same, their Lordships said that when a matter is pending before Civil Court, it is not proper on the part of the judgment-debtor to move the Tahsildar to have the obligations under a decree discharged. This Court also said that while exercising the statutory power and issuing the certificate, the Tahsildar has exceeded his powers in declaring a decree debt which is pending execution before Civil Court as having been discharged, and, therefore, the certificate is of no value. The Bench held thus :-
"We are inclined to agree with the submissions made by the learned counsel for the petitioners in these cases. There is no dispute that in all these three cases, decrees have already been obtained by the petitioners in a Civil Court. In two cases mortgage decrees have been passed and in another case, money decree has been passed. All the said decrees are under execution before the Civil Court. Notwithstanding the existence of the decrees the Special Tahsildar and the Sub-Collector, Kumbakonam have invoked their power and have granted certificates of discharge in favour of the debtors. By granting such certificates, they have in fact, nullified the decrees passed by the Civil Court. We do not see how either the Special Tahsildar or the Sub-Collector can go behind the decrees. The status does not by pass the decrees already passed by the Civil Court. Admittedly, there is no non obstante clause in either of the Ss.4, 5 and 6. In the absence
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