IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT MADRAS
V.K. TAHILRAMANI, M. DURAISWAMY, JJ.
C.R. Ramachary & Another - Petitioners
Versus
Indian Overseas Bank, Rep. by its Chief Manager, Head Office, Chennai & Others - Respondents
W.P. No. 16812 of 2018
Decided On : 31-10-2018
Indian Contract Act, 1872 - Section 171 - Suit for recovery before the Debts Recovery Tribunal - Mortgage property - Petitioners had obtained three separate loans from respondent bank - Two of loan accounts were settled however third loan account was not settled - When first petitioner approached respondent bank to release documents in relation to properties mortgaged in relation to loans which were already settled respondent bank by letter refused to return documents - Respondent bank refused to return documents on ground that first petitioner had obtained another loan as Sole Proprietor of Dresses from respondent bank and he had not repaid said loan amount and committed default - This loan account was declared as Non Performing Asset and hence respondent bank had filed a suit for recovery before Debts Recovery Tribunal being - In letter it is further stated that since first petitioner was liable to pay substantial amount to bank bank has exercised its general lien over properties mortgaged by first petitioner and hence bank was not in a position to release collateral security mortgaged by first petitioner until closure of all loans availed by him and hence request of first petitioner was rejected - Being aggrieved by this communication present petition has been preferred by petitioner - Counsel for petitioners submitted that it is an admitted fact that earlier two loan accounts were settled and only third loan account which is to tune of lakhs was declared as Non Performing Asset - He submitted that sufficient collateral security i.e seven items which are stated in Schedules to Original Application was furnished in relation to third loan of lakhs - Held, Court have in detail gone through abovesaid decision - relevant part of said decision which was relied upon by learned counsel for petitioners reads as under - Unless a Customer has expressly agreed that his properties can be retained as security for outstanding balance in account of some other customer a Bank cannot exercise lien over properties of such customer under Section 171 of Contract Act - Court are of view that respondent bank has a general lien over securities and other instruments deposited by petitioner with bank in ordinary course of banking and such general lien being a valuable right of bank as per decision of Supreme Court it cannot be ignored in absence of an agreement to contrary In such case respondent bank is well within its rights to retain documents furnished by way of collateral security in relation to earlier two loan accounts which were settled as third loan was not settled - In such view of matter Court do not find any merit in submissions made by learned counsel for petitioners – Court are of the view that respondent bank has a general lien over securities and other instruments deposited by petitioner with bank in ordinary course of banking and such general lien being a valuable right of bank as per decision of Supreme Court it cannot be ignored in absence of an agreement to contrary - In such case respondent bank is well within its rights to retain documents furnished by way of collateral security in relation to earlier two loan accounts which were settled as third loan was not settled - In such view of the matter Court do not find any merit in submissions made by learned counsel for petitioners - Writ petition is dismissed
JUDGMENT :
V.K. Tahilramani, J.
1. Heard the learned counsel for the petitioners and the learned counsel for the respondent bank.
2. The admitted facts are that the petitioners had obtained three separate loans from the respondent bank. Two of the loan accounts were settled, however, the third loan account was not settled. When the first petitioner approached the respondent bank to release the documents in relation to the properties mortgaged in relation to the loans which were already settled, the respondent bank, by letter dated 4.8.2017, refused to return the documents. The respondent bank refused to return the documents on the ground that the first petitioner had obtained another loan as Sole Proprietor of M/s.Babu Dresses (second petitioner) from the respondent bank and he had not repaid the said loan amount and committed default. This loan account was declared as Non Performing Asset (NPA) and, hence, the respondent bank had filed a suit for recovery before the Debts Recovery Tribunal being O.A.No.434 of 2017. In the letter dated 4.8.2017, it is further stated that since the first petitioner was liable to pay substantial amount to the bank, the bank has exercised its general lien over the properties mortgaged by the first petitioner and, hence, the bank was not in a position to release the collateral security mortgaged by the first petitioner until the closure of all loans availed by him and, hence, the request of the first petitioner was rejected. Being aggrieved by this communication dated 4.8.2017, the present petition has been preferred by the petitioner.
3. The learned counsel for the petitioners submitted that it is an admitted fact that the earlier two loan accounts were settled and only the third loan account which is to the tune of Rs.63 lakhs was declared as Non Performing Asset (NPA). He submitted that sufficient collateral security, i.e., seven items which are stated in Schedules 'A' and 'B' to the Original Application, was furnished in relation to the third loan of Rs.63 lakhs.
4. However, the learned counsel for the respondent bank has produced valuation report of the seven items and according to the bank, the forced sale value of all the seven items would come to Rs.30 lakhs and even if the market value is considered, the market value of all the items would come to Rs.36 lakhs. The learned counsel for the respondent bank submitted that the loan amount is Rs.63 lakhs and the interest thereon which has accumulated is Rs.11 lakhs and hence, as of today, the petitioners owe Rs.74 lakhs to the bank and the security furnished by the petitioners is not enough to cover the said amount, hence, the bank has exercised its general lien over the properties mortgaged by the first petitioner.
5. The learned counsel for the petitioners submitted that as the earlier two loan accounts were settled, the documents relating to the properties which were furnished as security for the said two loan accounts cannot be withheld by the respondent bank. In support of his contention, he has placed reliance on two decisions of this Court.
6. The first decision relied on by the learned counsel for the petitioners is State Bank of India and another v. Jayanthi and others, reported in 2011 (3) MLJ 245 : 2011 (2) CTC 465. He pointed out that in the said case it was observed that the deposit of title deeds by which the mortgage was created by the deceased borrower, N.P.S.Mahendran, was for a specific purpose to cover an advance for a specific loan. When such is the situation, the borrower having deposited the documents in order to secure a specific transaction, the bank cannot contend that they could hold the documents for a balance due in a different loan account, where the said N.P.S.Mahandran is not a borrower. We have carefully perused the said decision and we find that as far as the second loan account is concerned, the deceased N.P.S.Mahendran was not a borrower. In such circumstances, it was held that the documents furnished as security in
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