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2025 Supreme(All) 3738

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT ALLAHABAD
VIKRAM D. CHAUHAN, J. 
Viri Singh And Another - Applicants
Versus 
State of U.P. and Another – Respondents 
APPLICATION U/S 482 No. - 6782 of 2023
Decided On : 25-08-2025

Advocates Appeared:
For the Applicant : Uma Datta Tripathi
For the Respondent: G.A.,Vijay Kumar Mishra

Criminal proceedings in matrimonial disputes must be founded on specific, verifiable allegations. Vague or omnibus accusations without supporting instances regarding the time, place, or individual roles are insufficient to sustain a summoning order and constitute an abuse of the process of the court.

Headnote:(A) Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 - Section 482 - Indian Penal Code, 1860 - Sections 323, 498-A, 504, 506 - Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 - Sections 3 and 4 - Quashing of proceedings - Matrimonial dispute - Principles governing exercise of inherent powers - Allegations of cruelty against in-laws - Requirement of specific instances - General and omnibus allegations lead to abuse of process. (Paras 19-34)

(B) Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 - Sections 200, 202, 203 - Summoning order - Material particulars required - Sufficiency of grounds for proceeding - Duty of Magistrate to apply judicial mind - Absence of corroborating material or specific incidents of cruelty or dowry demand undermines prima facie case. (Paras 28-31)

Facts of the case:
A complaint was lodged by a wife against her husband and the husband's parents alleging dowry harassment, cruelty, and physical assault. The accused parents filed an application to quash the criminal proceedings, contending that the complaints were vague, omnibus, and lacked specific details regarding individual roles, dates, or times of the alleged offences. Evidence showed these allegations were absent from a prior application filed by the wife before a conciliation forum.

Findings of Court:
The court observed that the complaints and supporting statements lacked the necessary specificity regarding individual roles or incidents. The absence of corroborating evidence and the reliance on bald, generalised allegations failed to establish a prima facie case against the in-laws, making the subsequent summoning order an error in law.

Issues: Whether general, vague, and sweeping allegations in a matrimonial complaint are sufficient to justify summoning and whether such proceedings constitute an abuse of the court's process.

Ratio Decidendi: Criminal proceedings cannot be sustained on the basis of omnibus allegations that lack specific instances of criminal conduct. The court must perform a thorough scrutiny to ensure there exists prima facie evidence before issuing summons. Where allegations are inherently improbable or lack vital particulars, allowing proceedings to continue constitutes an abuse of the judicial process. (Paras 32-36)

Result: Application allowed; proceedings against the in-laws in the underlying complaint case are quashed.

Table of Content
1. procedural context for application under section 482 cr.p.c. (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 4)
2. summarizing factual matrix and competing contentions of the parties. (Para 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15)
3. discrepancy and inconsistency in allegations compared to earlier police filings. (Para 16 , 17 , 18)
4. statutory interpretation of cruelty under section 498a ipc. (Para 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23)
5. requirement of specificity and material particulars in criminal complaints to justify summoning. (Para 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33)
6. applying the 'prudent person' test to specific charges involving dowry prohibition act and ipc sections. (Para 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42)
7. quashing criminal proceedings due to lack of specific, substantiated allegations. (Para 43)

JUDGMENT :

VIKRAM D. CHAUHAN, J.

1. Heard learned counsel for the Applicants, Sri Vijay Kumar Mishra, learned counsel for opposite party no.2 and learned A.G.A. for State.

2. This application under Section 482 Cr.P.C. is preferred by Applicants for quashing the Non-Bailable Warrant dated 24.5.2022 passed by Additional Chief Judicial Magistrate, Court No.10, Agra as well as entire proceeding of Complaint Case No.22 of 2017, Smt. Anju Vs. Anil Kumar and others, under Sections 498-A, 323, 504, 506 I.P.C. and Section 3 /4 D.P. Act, Police Station Mahila Thana Rakabganj, District Agra.

3. Learned counsel for opposite party no.2-complainant submits that he does not intend to file any counter affidavit and the matter may be heard on merits. The opportunity of filing counter affidavit is hereby closed.

4. With the consent of learned counsel for parties, the matter is being heard.

5. It is submitted by learned counsel for Applicants that Applicants are father-in-law and mother-in-law of complainant. The Applicants are summoned by order dated 11.9.2017 under Sections 498A, 323, 504, 506 I.P.C. and Section 3 /4 Dowry Prohibition Act. A perusal of complaint would go to show that general, vague and omnibus allegations have been made against Applicants, who are family members of husband. One of the allegation in the complaint is that on 21.3.2016, applicants along with husband of opposite party no.2 have demanded dowry of Rs.5 lacs and have abused the opposite party no.2. Such an incident has not been substantiated in the statement of the complaint, recorded under Section 200 Cr.P.C., as in the aforesaid statement general allegation with regard to demand of dowry has been made. Specific allegation of 21.3.2016 (in statement of complainant) pertains to assault being made however, there is no injury report on record.

6. It is further submitted by learned counsel for Applicants that prior to filing of aforesaid complaint, the husband of opposite party no.2 preferred a complaint before the Superintendent of Police, Agra on 29.3.2016 against the conduct of the wife on the fact that opposite party no.2 has voluntarily left the home on 21.3.2016. After the aforesaid complaint dated 29.3.2016, the matter was referred to the Family Conciliation Centre where the complainant had filed an application dated 26.4.2016 (which is at page 41 of the paper book) wherein there is no allegation against the Applicants and the sole allegation is against the husband. The applicant has been falsely implicated in the present case and the criminal proceedings against the Applicants are bad in law.

7. Learned counsel for opposite party no.2 has opposed the arguments raised by learned counsel for Applicants and submits that the Applicants are not permitting the complainant-opposite party no.2 to reside in the matrimonial home.

8. On a query being made to learned counsel for the opposite party no.2 with regard to the document at page 41 of the paper book, learned counsel for opposite party no.2 submits that the aforesaid application is made before the Family Conciliation Centre by the complainant. There are serious allegation with regard to demand of dowry in the comp

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