Pajan Singh Gill JCA:

Introduction And Definitions

[1] There were two appeals jointly heard before us both against conviction and sentence. On 18 April 2003 we dismissed both the appeals and indicated that we would give our reasons later We do so now.

[2] In this judgment unless otherwise stated the following terms, words, letters, and phrases bear their respective meanings assigned thereto or represent such items as defined:-

(i) Public Prosecutor includes the Deputies Public Prosecutor appearing with him;

(ii) First Appellant means Dato Seri Anwar Ibrahim;

(iii) Second Appellant means Sukma Darmawan Sasmitaat Madja;

(iv) Appellants means the first appellant and second appellant;

(v) Azizan is Azizan bin Abu Bakar denoted by identification of SP6 in the court below or PW6 in this judgment;

(vi) these appeals means both the appeals of the first appellant and second appellant;

(vii) this present case means the appeals under consideration by the court of Appeal;

(viii) learned counsel for the first appellant includes Mr Christopher Fernando; Mr Karpal Singh; Mr Gurbachan Singh; Mr Pawan Chik Merican; Mr Zulkifli Nordin; Mr SN Nair and Ms Marisa Regina;

(ix) learned counsel for the second