Eviction Notice Without Hearing Violates Natural Justice; Opportunity to Be Heard Must Be Given: Chhattisgarh High Court - 2025-07-03

Right to Be Heard is Paramount Before Eviction, Chhattisgarh High Court Intervenes

Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh – The High Court of Chhattisgarh, in a significant ruling reinforcing the principles of natural justice, has directed the Nagar Panchayat of Nagri to provide a proper hearing to a betel shop owner before taking any action on an eviction notice. The court emphasized that no adverse action can be taken against an individual without affording them an opportunity to present their case.

The judgment was delivered by Hon'ble Shri Justice Rakesh MohanPandey in a writ petition filed by Mr. Goverdhan Yadav , who faced eviction from a shop he has operated for over 30 years.

Background of the Case

The petitioner, Goverdhan Yadav , runs a betel shop at Bajrang Chowk, Nagri, which he claims is the sole source of livelihood for his family. He approached the High Court challenging an eviction notice dated February 25, 2020, issued by the Nagar Panchayat Nagri (Respondent No. 2).

Yadav contended that the notice was illegal and arbitrary, as he had been in possession of the land for three decades, with the land being duly allotted to him by the Nagar Panchayat itself.

Arguments from Both Sides

Petitioner's Counsel, Mr. Ayush Verma , argued: - The petitioner was in lawful possession of the property, which was allotted by the Nagar Panchayat. - He regularly paid property tax and electricity bills, with documents to substantiate his claims. - The Nagar Panchayat had even issued a work order on August 21, 2019, permitting the construction of the shop. - Crucially, the eviction notice was issued without holding any inquiry or providing the petitioner an opportunity to be heard, which is a violation of natural justice.

Respondents' Counsel argued: - The petitioner had encroached upon government land. - The notice was a legitimate action to remove an illegal possession. - The petitioner had failed to produce relevant documents to establish his legal right over the land.

Court's Findings and Emphasis on Natural Justice

After reviewing the arguments and documents, Justice Pandey noted that the petitioner had indeed been paying taxes to the Nagar Panchayat. The court also took cognizance of the fact that the Nagar Panchayat itself had granted permission for the shop's construction in 2019.

The pivotal point in the court's decision was the procedural lapse by the authorities. The judgment highlighted a key, undisputed fact:

"Admittedly, no opportunity of hearing was afforded to the petitioner before the issuance of notice dated 25.02.2020..."

The court underscored that the "audi alteram partem" rule (let the other side be heard) is a cornerstone of administrative law and fairness. An administrative body cannot issue an order that has adverse civil consequences for a person without first giving them a fair hearing.

Final Decision and Its Implications

Instead of quashing the notice outright, the High Court disposed of the petition with a structured and equitable direction. The court's order aims to balance the rights of the individual with the duties of the local authority.

The High Court directed that: 1. The petitioner, Goverdhan Yadav , is granted the liberty to make a detailed representation to the Nagar Panchayat Nagri within 30 days, along with all relevant documents supporting his claim. 2. The Nagar Panchayat is directed to consider this representation and decide the matter "in an objective manner strictly in accordance with the law" within the subsequent 60 days. 3. The Nagar Panchayat must provide a "proper opportunity of hearing" to the petitioner before making its final decision. 4. To protect the petitioner's livelihood during this period, the interim stay order granted on March 5, 2020, will remain in effect for a total of 90 days.

This ruling serves as a strong reminder to administrative and municipal bodies that procedural fairness is non-negotiable, especially when actions threaten a citizen's livelihood. It reaffirms that even in cases of alleged encroachment, the due process of law must be followed.