Madras HC: Discipline Paramount; Reinstatement Order for Police Constable with History of Desertion Set Aside - 2025-05-01

Madras High Court Upholds Compulsory Retirement for Constable with History of Desertion, Emphasizes Police Discipline

Chennai: The Madras High Court has set aside a Single Judge's order that directed the reinstatement of a former Head Constable, emphasizing that repeated desertion from duty constitutes serious misconduct incompatible with service in a disciplined force like the police. A Division Bench comprising Justice R. Suresh Kumar and Dr. Justice A.D. Maria Clete allowed the appeal filed by the State Police Department, upholding the punishment of compulsory retirement imposed on the constable.

Case Background

The case involved Mr. Kamalakannan , who joined the Tamil Nadu Special Police in 1994 and was later transferred to the Armed Reserve, Chennai City, in 1998. Within a span of roughly four years, Mr. Kamalakannan had deserted his duty on six separate occasions. Despite being shown leniency and reinstated with minor penalties for the first five instances, he again absented himself without authorization from July 18, 1998.

Following a departmental enquiry into this sixth instance of desertion, he was removed from service on March 26, 1999. His appeal against removal was dismissed. However, upon a mercy petition years later, the Director General of Police modified the punishment to compulsory retirement in July 2004.

Mr. Kamalakannan challenged this through multiple legal avenues. An initial writ petition (W.P. No. 886 of 2007) led to the High Court remanding the matter back to the State Government in 2012 solely to consider the proportionality of the punishment. The Government, after reconsideration, reaffirmed the punishment of compulsory retirement in April 2014, citing his repeated misconduct and unfitness for police service.

Mr. Kamalakannan challenged this decision again in W.P. No. 14901 of 2014. A learned Single Judge, relying on precedents concerning disproportionate punishment, allowed the petition in April 2022, quashed the compulsory retirement order, and directed reinstatement with continuity of service (though without back wages). This order was challenged by the State in the present Writ Appeal.

Arguments Presented

Appellants (State/Police Dept): Represented by Additional Advocate General P. Kumaresan, argued that the respondent was a habitual deserter (6 times in 4 years), rendering him unfit for a disciplined force. They contended that desertion is a grave misconduct affecting the force's image and discipline. They cited Supreme Court judgments emphasizing that dismissal/removal is justified for grave acts or continued misconduct proving incorrigibility (e.g., Bhagwan Lal Arya v. Commissioner of Police, Delhi ). They argued the Single Judge erred in interfering with a well-reasoned punishment, especially after the government had reconsidered the matter post-remand.

Respondent ( Kamalakannan ): Represented by Senior Counsel Venkataramani , relied on the Single Judge's findings and precedents suggesting interference when punishment is disproportionate ( Union of India v. Giriraj Sharma , Syed Zaheer Hussain v. Union of India ). He maintained that the punishment was excessive for the charge of desertion, pointing to the previous High Court order remanding the matter on proportionality grounds.

High Court's Reasoning and Precedent Analysis

The Division Bench disagreed strongly with the Single Judge's approach, stating there was an "increasing tendency to interfere in matters relating to unauthorised absence of police constables and to examine the proportionality of the disciplinary action imposed, often overlooking the fact that the police force is a disciplined service."

The Bench meticulously distinguished the precedents relied upon by the Single Judge: * Giriraj Sharma : Involved a 12-day overstay of leave by an electrician (not police) with mitigating circumstances, unlike the respondent's repeated desertion without substantiated reasons. The Bench noted the Supreme Court itself later distinguished Giriraj Sharma in Union of India v. Datta Linga Toshatwad , holding that repeated absence by uniformed personnel amounts to desertion justifying dismissal. * Syed Zaheer Hussain : Pertained to a Sorting Assistant (Postal Dept) and was deemed a case-specific dispensation under Article 142 of the Constitution, not a binding precedent for police misconduct cases under Article 226. The Bench cited Eastern Coalfields Ltd. v. Ajit Mondal confirming that relief in such cases was often under Article 142.

Conversely, the Division Bench cited numerous Supreme Court rulings reinforcing the need for strict discipline in police forces and upholding severe penalties for unauthorised absence/desertion: * Shri Bhagwan Lal Arya v. Commissioner of Police, Delhi : Held dismissal is justified for grave acts or continued misconduct proving incorrigibility. * Govt. of A.P. v. Mohd. Taher Ali : Upheld compulsory retirement for habitual absence in a disciplined force. * Om Prakash v. State of Punjab : Confirmed that habitual absenteeism justifies stringent punishment for police personnel. * State of Meghalaya v. Mecken Sing N. Marak : Cautioned High Courts against interfering with punishments in disciplined forces unless "shocking to the conscience" and emphasized that misconduct by police must be dealt with "iron hands".

The Court highlighted the respondent's documented history: > "Within the span of four years, he often deserted the said service for 6 times... Having humanitarian consideration, he was allowed to join duty on previous occasions with minor punishments. But, the petitioner has not changed his attitude and again and again he has deserted the Police Force. Desertion from the Police Force is a serious misconduct." (Excerpt from Govt. Order dated 01.04.2014, cited by the Court).

The Bench found that the government had adequately considered proportionality post-remand and provided detailed reasons, referencing Supreme Court guidelines, for upholding compulsory retirement given the respondent's "continued misconduct" proving "unfitness for Police Service."

Final Decision

The Division Bench concluded that the Single Judge's order was unsustainable and contrary to established legal principles concerning discipline in uniformed services. The appeal filed by the State was allowed, the Single Judge's order dated 07.04.2022 was set aside, and consequently, Mr. Kamalakannan 's Writ Petition (W.P. No. 14901 of 2014) was dismissed. The punishment of compulsory retirement stands affirmed.