Madras High Court Upholds Conviction in Bank Fraud Case: Conspiracy and Fund Diversion Proven Under IPC Sections 420 & 409 - 2025-04-07

Madras High Court Affirms 2018 Conviction in Massive Bank Fraud Case

Madurai, [Current Date] - The Madurai Bench of the Madras High Court has upheld the conviction and sentence of T.Peter Dhas , the second accused in a case concerning a significant fraud perpetrated against Pandyan Grama Bank. Justice K.K.Ramakrishnan , presiding over the case, dismissed the criminal appeal filed by Dhas , affirming the earlier judgment by the II Additional District Court for CBI Cases, Madurai.

Case Background: Conspiracy and Defrauding Scheme

The case, registered by the CBI as RC 40(A)/2009, revolved around the alleged conspiracy to defraud Pandyan Grama Bank of over ₹6.19 crore. The prosecution detailed how T.Peter Dhas , as president of an NGO, colluded with the then branch manager (A1, now deceased) of Pandyan Grama Bank and other bank officials (A3 & A4, acquitted) to misappropriate funds meant for Self Help Groups (SHGs).

According to the CBI, the accused violated established banking norms and procedures for disbursing loans to SHGs. Funds were allegedly siphoned off under the guise of insurance premiums and loan processing charges, and repayments collected from SHGs were not properly credited to their accounts. The trial court had convicted Dhas under Sections 120-B r/w 420, 120-B r/w 409, 420, and 409 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC), while acquitting the other accused and dismissing charges under Prevention of Corruption Act and other sections of IPC against Dhas himself.

Appellant's Arguments: Facilitator, Not Fraudster

Senior Counsel Mr. V. Kathirvelu, representing the appellant Dhas , argued that his client was merely a facilitator assisting women from the fisherman community in accessing government schemes. He contended that Dhas only provided an undertaking to the bank and that recovery proceedings should have been initiated instead of criminal prosecution. It was further argued that the trial court erred in convicting Dhas under conspiracy charges after the death of the primary accused (A1). The defense also claimed that beneficiaries received the loan amounts, negating any intention to cheat from the outset and highlighted the absence of complaints from the SHGs themselves.

CBI's Counter: Systematic Violation and Fund Diversion

Representing the CBI, Special Public Prosecutor Mr. C. Muthusaravanan strongly countered these arguments. He highlighted the procedural lapses by the bank manager (A1) and the active collusion of Dhas . The CBI presented evidence showing that pre and post-sanction procedures were ignored, substantial amounts were credited to Dhas ’s personal account, and loans were granted to defaulting SHGs, indicating a clear conspiracy to defraud. The prosecution emphasized the diversion of funds, including the collection of insurance premiums without actual insurance coverage, and the repayment of loans from one branch using funds from another, further demonstrating fraudulent intent.

Court's Rationale: Evidence of Conspiracy and Dishonest Intention

Justice Ramakrishnan , after reviewing voluminous records and evidence, concurred with the trial court’s findings. The High Court emphasized the numerous irregularities in loan sanctions, the lack of proper documentation, and the admission by Dhas regarding the receipt of loan amounts into his accounts. The court noted the unchallenged testimonies of prosecution witnesses (PW13, PW14, PW15) stating that they repaid loan amounts to Dhas , which were not deposited in their bank accounts.

The judgment pointed out that Dhas 's conduct in obtaining loans for defaulted SHGs from a different branch (Marthandam) and using part of these funds to repay loans from the original branch (Srivenkatespuram) clearly demonstrated a conspiracy to defraud the bank and convert loan amounts. The Court stated, "Both fraudulent and dishonest intention at the inception is clearly made out from the entire circumstances of the case."

Referencing precedents, including Bashirbhai Mohamedbhai vs. State of Bombay (AIR 1960 SC 979) and Shivanarayan Kabra vs. The State of Madras (AIR 1967 SC 986), the High Court underscored that false pretense and dishonest intention could be inferred from the conduct and circumstances of the case.

Final Verdict: Appeal Dismissed, Conviction Upheld

Ultimately, the Madras High Court dismissed the criminal appeal, upholding the conviction and sentence imposed by the trial court. T.Peter Dhas is to serve the rigorous imprisonment terms of 7 and 10 years, along with fines, as originally decreed. The court directed the trial judge to secure Dhas to undergo the remaining sentence, effectively closing the chapter on this appeal and reinforcing the judiciary's stance against financial fraud and conspiracy.