AI Overview...
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Literal Meaning of Agriculture - The term agriculture is etymologically rooted in cultivating the soil. It broadly includes horticulture, crop raising, grass or garden produce, and grazing. However, it explicitly excludes activities like dairy farming, poultry farming, and stock breeding. This definition emphasizes cultivation and land-based activities as core components SUDERSHAN AND CO. VS THE STATE OF KARNATAKA AND ORS. - Karnataka.
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Legal Interpretations and Context - Courts often consider the literal meaning but may extend or restrict it based on legislative intent. For example, in some cases, the emphasis is on livelihood dependence on agriculture, which can influence how the term is interpreted within legal statutes. The courts generally favor the literal meaning unless it conflicts with the legislative purpose MAHESHKUMAR VS ADDL. COLLECTOR, HOSHANGABAD - Madhya Pradesh, Kalu Ram VS Panchayat Samiti, Degana - Rajasthan.
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Trade and Business Context - The primary meaning of trade involves exchanging goods for goods or money, while its secondary meaning refers to repeated profit-motivated activities, which may or may not be strictly agricultural. This distinction is relevant when interpreting related legal provisions or definitions C. J. John VS P. D. Jose, Oriental Kuries Ltd. Represented by Chairman P. D. Jose - Kerala, John VS Oriental Kuries Ltd. - Kerala.
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Application in Specific Laws and Rules - In statutes like the Rajasthan Panchayati Raj Rules, 1996, the literal meaning of land used for cultivation is significant, especially in cases of land auction and extension of lease terms, where physical and practical aspects of agriculture are considered. Courts tend to interpret such terms literally unless legislative intent suggests otherwise Kalu Ram VS Panchayat Samiti, Degana - Rajasthan.
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Deliberate Extension of Meaning - When legislative framers intentionally extend or restrict the literal meaning of agriculture within an Act, courts recognize this as a deliberate choice, emphasizing the importance of the context in interpretation. This prevents arbitrary broadening or narrowing of the term Srimath Jagathguru Sringeri Sri Satchithanantha Chandrasekhara Bharati Swamigal by Agent T. C. Nataraja Mudali VS C. P. Duraiswami Naidu dead - Madras.
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Additional Cultural and Historical Insights - Literary references, such as Thiruvalluvar's poetry, highlight farming's importance despite hardships, reinforcing the cultural significance of agriculture. Such poetic interpretations underscore the fundamental and enduring value of farming in society I. H. Sekar VS Principal Secretary to Government of Tamil Nadu, Revenue Department, Fort St. George, Secretariat, Chennai - Madras.
Analysis and Conclusion:
The literal meaning of agriculture primarily pertains to land cultivation, horticulture, and related activities involving soil. While the etymology and dictionary definitions support this land-based focus, legal interpretations may adapt or extend this meaning based on legislative intent and context. Courts generally favor the literal meaning but recognize deliberate legislative extensions. Thus, agriculture encompasses a broad spectrum of land-centered activities, with specific exclusions and inclusions determined by legal and contextual considerations.
Search Results for "Literal Meaning of Agriculture"
1985 0 Supreme(Kar) 10 • India - Karnataka
S.R.RAJASEKHARA MURTHY, K.S.PUTTASWAMY
... ( 10 ) THE definition of "agriculture" as provided under section 2 (a) is an inclusive definition with the exception referred to therein. The literal etymological meaning of agriculture in cultivating the soil. ... Section 2 (i) describes "cultivation" as meaning agricultural operation to cultivate land on one's own account. "agriculture" includes horticulture, raising of crops, grass or garden produce, and grazing, but does not include dairy farming, poultry farming, stock breedin....
1987 0 Supreme(MP) 350 • India - Madhya Pradesh
B.C.VARMA, RAM PAL SINGH
Learned counsel submitted that the literal meaning will defeat the object of the Adhiniyam. In our opinion there is no room for such a construction. ... to give that meaning. ... The stress seems to be on the complete dependence of livelihood on agriculture. ... The rule is that after construing the words if the conclusion is that they can bear only one meaning, the duty is to give effect to that meaning. ... counsel for the petitioner that the word 'wholly' occurring in the main claus....
1993 0 Supreme(SC) 913 • India - Supreme Court
M.M.PUNCHHI, N.P.SINGH
Even though learned counsel for the appellant is at pains to persuade us to give a literal and a strict meaning of the expressions ... From this it followed that judgment-debtor-respondent was a small farmer within the meaning of Act - It is to challenge this view ... If the converse was to hold the field then until and unless all the members of the family earn their livelihood by agriculture, the ... Even though learned counsel for the appellant is at pains to persuade us to give a literal and a stric....
2009 0 Supreme(Ker) 39 • India - Kerala
P.R.RAMAN, C.T.RAVIKUMAR
arts or modern profession or agriculture. ... (AIR 1968 SC 739) it has been held that the trade in its primary meaning is exchanging of goods for goods or goods for money and in its secondary meaning it is repeated activity in the nature of business carried on with a profit motive, the activity being manual or mercantile as distinguished from literal ... Srinivasachari,J. speaking for the Court held that the amount drawn by a member of a chit fund who bid at the periodical auction giving the largest discount could not co....
1992 0 Supreme(Ker) 163 • India - Kerala
P.K.BALASUBRAMANYAN
profession or agriculture. ... (A.I.R 1968 SC 739) trade in its primary meaning is exchanging of goods for goods or goods for money and in its secondary meaning it is repeated activity in the nature of business carried on with a profit motive, the activity being manual or mercantile as distinguished from the literal arts or modern ... As per the definition contained in S.2(49) of the Companies Act a Trading Corporation means a Trading Corporation within the meaning of entries 43 and 44 in List I in the ....
2013 0 Supreme(Raj) 233 • India - Rajasthan
P.K.LOHRA
Rajasthan Panchayati Raj Rules, 1996, Rule 173 — Extension of term of contract — Agriculture land of Panchayat Samiti — Auctioned ... for cultivation — Due to famine and scarcity of water, land not yielded any agriculture produce — Applied for extension of term ... It is a trite law that the subsidiary rule of interpretation of statutes is that emphasis should be given to the literal meaning and normally Court cannot supply words which have been accidentally omitted in a statute. ... This sort of situation may arise in e....
1931 0 Supreme(Mad) 1 • India - Madras
REILLY
within the meaning of 'agriculture' as used in the Act. ... within the meaning of 'agriculture' as used in the Act. ... within the meaning of 'agriculture' as used in the Act. ... When we find that the essential, literal meaning of a word is deliberately extended by the framers of an Act for the purpose of that Act in one direction but not in any other, surely that is a clear indication that the) wished to exclude any possibility of the word being ex....
2009 Supreme(Online)(KER) 45487 • India - High Court of Kerala
P.R.RAMAN, C.T.RAVIKUMAR, JJ
arts or modern profession or agriculture. ... (AIR 1968 SC 739) it has been held that the trade in its primary meaning is exchanging of goods for goods or goods for money and in its secondary meaning it is repeated activity in the nature of business carried on with a profit motive, the activity being manual or mercantile as distinguished from literal ... Srinivasachari,J. speaking for the Court held that the amount drawn by a member of a chit fund who bid at the periodical auction giving the largest discound could not co....
2005 0 Supreme(Pat) 1029 • India - Patna
AFTAB ALAM, REKHA KUMARI
(1990)2 SCC 378 (Proposition: Legislature is presumed to have made no mistake and it intended what it said; even if there is any omission or defect, it is not for the court to rectify it by making its own addition, especially when literal meaning produces an intelligible result ... Similarly, the decision in the Agriculture Produce Market Committee that held that the activities of the Market Committee did not represent any sovereign functions of the State and it was an industry within the meaning of the Industrial Disput....
2019 0 Supreme(Mad) 515 • India - Madras
M.VENUGOPAL, S.VAIDYANATHAN
The literal meaning of 'March' is a low-lying area and will remain waterlogged at all times pursuant to the flood during wet seasons or during high tide. ... ... “TAMIL” ... Written by Thiruvalluvar, a Historical Poet ... The Literal meaning of the above Poem is that wherever it whirls, the work must follow the farmer. Thus, despite hardships, farming is the best. ... The meaning and weight of the words “public interest” shall be implicitly borne in mind. ... It is pertinent to mention that there is a ....
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