State Cannot Impose Recruitment Conditions Contradictory to NMC Regulations; Senior Residency Not Mandatory for Non-Medical Faculty: Andhra Pradesh High Court - 2025-07-16

Andhra Pradesh High Court Quashes 'Impossible' Senior Residency Rule for Non-Medical Faculty

Amaravati, AP - In a significant ruling, the Andhra Pradesh High Court has quashed conditions in a government recruitment notification that required non-medical candidates for Assistant Professor posts to possess a Senior Residency (SR) certificate, a qualification the court deemed "an impossibility" for them to obtain.

Justice GannamaneniRamakrishna Prasad , hearing a batch of writ petitions, held that state recruitment rules cannot impose conditions that are contrary to the statutory regulations laid down by the National Medical Commission (NMC).

Case Background

The case involved a group of medical academics with non-clinical qualifications, such as M.Sc. (Medical) with a Ph.D. in subjects like Anatomy , Physiology, and Microbiology . They challenged their disqualification from the recruitment process for Assistant Professors initiated by the Andhra Pradesh Medical Services Recruitment Board via Notification No. 02/2023.

The petitioners were declared ineligible in the provisional merit list for two primary reasons stipulated in the notification: 1. Failure to enclose a Senior Residency (SR) completion certificate, which was made mandatory for all applicants. 2. A condition stating that candidates with non-medical qualifications (M.Sc. with Ph.D.) would only be considered if candidates with medical degrees (MD/MS/DNB) were unavailable.

Petitioners' Arguments

The petitioners, represented by counsels Sri Shaik Mohammed Ismail and Sri V.R. Reddy Kovvuri, argued that these conditions were illegal, arbitrary, and unconstitutional. - They contended that the Teachers Eligibility Qualifications in Medical Institutions Regulations, 2022 , issued by the NMC, govern the qualifications for medical faculty. - These regulations define a 'Senior Resident' as an individual with a medical postgraduate degree (MD/MS/DNB), making it structurally impossible for non-medical M.Sc. and Ph.D. holders to undertake Senior Residency. - Therefore, asking for an SR certificate was demanding the impossible and was contrary to the NMC's own rules, which do not mandate SR for non-medical faculty appointments in subjects like Anatomy and Physiology. - They also pointed out that the Directorate of Medical Education (DME) itself had previously clarified in a 2022 notice that SR was not mandatory for non-medical postgraduates.

Respondents' Position

The State, represented by the Government Pleader for Services-IV, defended the notification, stating that the conditions were explicitly mentioned and that relaxation for non-medical faculty was intended only to address a paucity of teachers with medical degrees, subject to NMC approval.

High Court's Landmark Judgment

Justice Ramakrishna Prasad , in his common order, decisively sided with the petitioners, emphasizing the supremacy of the statutory NMC regulations.

"When the statute does not permit non-medical post graduate with M.Sc (Medical) with Ph.D (Medical) to ever take an admission into Senior Residency Programme, this Court is unable to countenance as to how such candidates could at all produce Senior Residency Completion Certificate. Imposing a requirement which is just an impossibility and which is not even contemplated under the statute is an antithesis to the rule of law..."

The Court highlighted several key points in its reasoning: -

NMC Regulations are Supreme: The 2022 NMC Regulations are statutory and binding. State-level recruitment notifications cannot introduce contradictory or additional eligibility criteria. -

Definition of Senior Resident: The regulations clearly define a Senior Resident as a holder of an MD/MS/DNB degree, thereby excluding the petitioners. -

Irrational and Arbitrary Condition: The requirement for an SR certificate was deemed an irrational and unreasonable condition that violates Article 14 of the Constitution. -

Preferential Treatment Struck Down: The Court also found the condition giving preference to medical degree holders over M.Sc./Ph.D. holders to be contrary to the 2022 Regulations, which prescribe distinct qualifications for the roles.

The Final Verdict

The High Court allowed the writ petitions and issued the following directives:

1. The two contested conditions in Notification No. 02/2023—the mandatory submission of an SR certificate and the preferential consideration for medical degree holders—are quashed .

2. The provisional merit list published on August 9, 2023, is also quashed .

3. The respondents are directed to prepare and publish a fresh provisional merit list within eight weeks , considering the petitioners' applications without insisting on the quashed conditions.

This judgment provides crucial clarity on the hierarchy of rules in medical education recruitment and protects the rights of non-medical faculty, ensuring that eligibility criteria are rational, possible to fulfill, and in line with national standards.