Bombay High Court Quashes Money Laundering Charges Against Petitioners After Discharge From Predicate Offence - 2025-09-16

Bombay High Court Quashes Money Laundering Charges Against Petitioners After Discharge From Predicate Offence

In a significant ruling, the High Court of Judicature at Bombay has quashed a charge-sheet and all consequential proceedings initiated under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA) against the petitioners. The bench, comprised of Justice A. S. Gadkari and Justice Rajesh S. Patil, held that once an accused is discharged from the predicate offence, the foundation for a money laundering prosecution is effectively removed.

Case Background

The matter originated from investigations into alleged irregularities involving the construction of the Maharashtra Sadan, the High Mount Rest House, and various regional transport office (RTO) buildings. The Enforcement Directorate had initiated an Enforcement Case Information Report (ECIR) based on an earlier FIR registered by the Anti-Corruption Bureau (ACB), Mumbai.

However, on July 31, 2021, the trial court discharged the petitioners from the predicate offence, noting an absence of material evidence. As this order remained unchallenged by the prosecuting agency for over four years, the petitioners moved the High Court, seeking to set aside the PMLA proceedings on the grounds that the predicate offence—the very basis of the money laundering claim—had been nullified.

Arguments Presented

Counsel for the petitioners argued that the legal principle established in the Supreme Court’s Vijay Madanlal Choudhary ruling is definitive: if an accused is discharged from the scheduled offence, the PMLA proceedings cannot survive.

Conversely, the Enforcement Directorate contended that prosecution under the PMLA can continue independently of the predicate offence. Relying on an interpretation of the Pavana Dibbur case, the respondent argued that the PMLA investigation should persist regardless of the status of the underlying criminal case.

Legal Analysis

The High Court emphasized that the PMLA is inextricably linked to the "proceeds of crime" derived from a scheduled offence. Justice A. S. Gadkari noted that the prosecuting agency cannot maintain a case on a "notional basis" or mere assumption of criminal activity.

The Court distinguished the present case from the decision of the Jammu and Kashmir High Court in Niket Kansal , noting that it lacked binding authority. Instead, the Court relied heavily on the precedent set by the Supreme Court in Pavana Dibbur , which clarified that an accused benefits from the discharge or acquittal of all accused persons in the scheduled offence.

Key Observations

The judgment highlighted several critical points regarding the nature of PMLA prosecutions:

> "The authorities under the 2002 Act cannot prosecute any person on notional basis or on the assumption that a scheduled offence has been committed, unless it is so registered with the jurisdictional police."

> "If the person is finally discharged/acquitted of the scheduled offence or the criminal case against him is quashed by the court of competent jurisdiction, there can be no offence of money laundering against him."

> "The offence under Section 3 of the 2002 Act is dependent on illegal gain of property as a result of criminal activity relating to a scheduled offence."

Court’s Decision

Finding that the discharge order from the predicate offence had attained finality, the High Court allowed the petition. The Court quashed the ECIR and the resulting charge-sheet filed against the petitioners. This decision reaffirms the requirement that a valid predicate offence is an essential jurisdictional prerequisite for any PMLA prosecution, providing much-needed clarity for future cases where the underlying criminal proceedings have been dismissed.