Can CGST Officials Access Private Home CCTV Footage High Court of Delhi Rules Interim Stay

Can CGST Officials Access Private Home CCTV Footage High Court of Delhi Rules Interim Stay

The High Court of Delhi has taken significant cognizance of privacy concerns during a GST search operation, issuing an interim order prohibiting the Central Goods and Services Tax (CGST) authorities from accessing seized CCTV recordings. The bench, comprising Justice Prathiba M. Singh and Justice Shail Jain, intervened after a petition was filed by M/s Genesis Enterprises, which challenged the seizure of personal electronic devices and CCTV memory cards from its residential premises.

Privacy and Property Disputes

The case stems from an operation conducted on 22nd July 2025, during which the CGST Department, in coordination with the Noida CGST unit, searched the residential premises of the Petitioner’s partner, Shri Abhishek Gumber. The Petitioner contends that the search was unauthorized and exceeded the bounds of administrative necessity by seizing private electronic gadgets, including storage drives and CCTV memory cards.

The primary legal dispute revolves around whether government agencies conducting tax investigations possess the right to seize and review footage from private residential CCTV cameras, which capture the daily movements of family members, including female residents, thereby infringing upon constitutional privacy rights.

Conflicting Legal Arguments

Counsel for the Petitioner, Mr. Gupta, argued that the seizure of CCTV footage is entirely unsustainable. He emphasized that the recordings contain private data unrelated to any business investigation and that their viewing would be a direct violation of the fundamental right to privacy.

Conversely, the Respondent, represented by Mr. Khatri, informed the High Court of Delhi that nine separate petitions linked to the same entity have been filed and are currently pending. The department maintains that its actions were part of a standard investigation, though the Court remained focused on the immediate privacy implications of the seized surveillance data.

Judicial Scrutiny and Key Observations

The High Court of Delhi underscored the gravity of the privacy issue by issuing specific, time-bound instructions to the department. During the proceedings, the Court noted the potential for intrusion into private lives if such footage were viewed without explicit authorization.

Key observations from the bench included:

> "It is made clear that till the next date of hearing, the CCTV cameras’ memory cards as also any recordings therein shall not be opened or viewed by the CGST Department."

> "The concerned official who was present at the time when the seizure was effected from the CGST East Commissionerate shall remain present to assist the Court on the next date."

Interim Directions and Next Steps

In its order dated 9th September 2025, the Court granted an interim stay on the viewing of the memory cards, ensuring the integrity of the data remains protected until the matter is fully adjudicated. The Registry has been directed to consolidate all pending petitions filed by Genesis Enterprises to be heard together on 15th September 2025. This decision serves as a significant check on the investigative powers of tax authorities, emphasizing that even during statutory investigations, the sanctity of a private residence and the privacy of its inhabitants must be strictly balanced.