Personal Records of Third Parties Exempt from Disclosure under Section 8(1)(j) of RTI Act: Central Information Commission - 2025-11-20

Balancing Privacy and Accountability: CIC Reaffirms Protection of Personal Records Under RTI Act

In a significant ruling regarding the limits of access to information, the Central Information Commission (CIC) has reinforced the protection afforded to individual privacy under the Right to Information (RTI) Act, 2005. The Commission dismissed an appeal seeking comprehensive personal records of a third-party employee, underscoring that such data is shielded from disclosure under Section 8(1)(j) of the Act.

The Backdrop: Allegations vs. Privacy

The case, Hoshiyar Singh Pal vs Delhi Transport Corporation , originated from an RTI application filed by the appellant, Hoshiyar Singh Pal. Seeking to expose alleged corruption and medical malpractice, the appellant requested a voluminous set of documents concerning a driver employed by the Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC). Specifically, the requested information included the driver's appointment letters, detailed medical reports, disciplinary records, salary statements, and leave history.

The DTC denied the requests, citing that the information sought pertained to a third party and could not be disclosed without their consent, as it constitutes personal, private information.

Arguments at the Commission

During the hearing before Information Commissioner Vinod Kumar Tiwari, the appellant contended that the requested information was not merely "personal" but essential to uncover institutional corruption. He argued that the employee in question had reportedly secured his position through fraudulent medical disclosures, and therefore, disclosure was in the public interest.

The respondent, represented by the DTC, maintained that the requested documents fell squarely within the exemption category provided under Section 8(1)(j) of the RTI Act. They argued that providing medical reports, disciplinary records, and salary details would constitute an unwarranted invasion of the individual's privacy, exceeding any demonstrated public interest.

Legal Analysis: The Privacy Precedent

The Commission’s decision leaned heavily on established judicial precedents regarding the intersection of transparency and privacy. The CIC cited the Supreme Court’s landmark ruling in CBIC vs Subhash Chandra Agarwal , which established that records containing an individual's physical, mental, or medical condition, as well as disciplinary and service records, are protected personal information.

The Commission clarified that while the RTI Act is a powerful tool for transparency, it is not a mechanism for conducting personal investigations into the service records of colleagues or unrelated third parties, especially when that information is clearly protected by privacy statutes.

Key Observations

The CIC’s reasoning was anchored in the clear legal standards governing personal data. Several critical observations were noted in the judgment:

• "Information that relates to personal records, including the individual's name, address, physical, mental, and medical condition, grade, service records, disciplinary proceedings, and medical records, falls under the category of personal information."
• "Such information cannot be disclosed to any other person under the provisions of Section 8(1)(j) of the RTI Act."
• "Accordingly, there is no need for intervention by the Commission in the present matter."

Final Verdict: Empowering Alternative Remedies

The Commission ultimately upheld the decision of the Central Public Information Officer (CPIO), effectively disposing of the appeal. While the ruling blocks the use of the RTI Act as a vehicle for accessing sensitive third-party employment data, the Commission acknowledged the appellant's concerns regarding alleged fraud. It noted that if the appellant possesses substantive evidence of misconduct, they remain free to file a formal complaint with the appropriate statutory authorities, where the matter can be addressed through the necessary administrative or legal channels.

This judgment serves as a reminder that the RTI Act functions within the boundaries of constitutional privacy rights, ensuring that public transparency does not compromise the fundamental rights of individuals to keep their personal and professional records confidential.