IMPORTANT POINT
When two specific and independent powers have been conferred upon the authorities, both the powers can be exercised alternatively and the limitations imposed for exercise of powers of rectification cannot be read into the exercise of power of review.

Headnote:Uttar Pradesh Sales Tax (Amendment) Act, 1995-Section 39(2)-Validation-Review-Assessment Years 1974-75 to 1983-84-Turnover in respect of rectified spirit and denatured spirit was held to be non taxable under U.P. Sales Tax Act, 1948-Amendment of Sections 3-A and 4 of the Principal Act-Sale of alcohol as defined in U.P. Sale of (Motor Spirits, Diesel Oil and Alcohol) Taxation Act, 1939 became taxable-Review application-Maintainability-A specific date prescribed within which application has to be made for review-No time limit fixed to dispose of such an application-A specific period mentioned under Section 39(3) for purposes of rectification-Those limitations cannot be read into sub section (2) of Section 39 of the Amendment Act-Application for review made under Section 39(2) rightly allowed by the Tribunal-High Court was not right in holding that application under Section 39(2) has to be filed by September 30, 1995 and orders of review or rectification are to be made either within one year from commencement of Section 39 or within the period prescribed in Section 22 of the Principal Act.
       Held : A validating Act can render ineffective judgments and orders of a competent court or an authority provided it by retrospective legislation removes the cause of invalidity or the basis which had led to those judgments. In the present case, the provisions have been made in the Amendment Act to remove certain defects, which had been pointed out by the Tribunal or other authorities on earlier occasions. Thus, it enabled the turnover relating to alcohol to be brought to taxation. Section 22 of the Principal Act provides for rectification of mistakes. Proviso to Clause (1) makes it very clear that where an application under sub-section (1) has been made within the period of three years from the date of the orders sought to be rectified, such an application could be disposed of even beyond such period. In clause (3) of Section 39, with which we are concerned now, it is made clear that the Assessing Appellate or Revising Authority, as the case may be, may within a period of one year from the date of commencement of this section or within a period specified in Section 22 of the Principal Act, whichever expires later, make any rectification in any order passed by it where such rectification becomes necessary in consequence of the amendment to the Principal Act. Section 39(2) enables the Authority, Tribunal or the Court to review as may be necessary to give effect to the provisions of the Principal Act, the requirement being that an application should be made before to that effect September 30, 1995. A specific date has been prescribed within which the application has to be made for review and no time limit has been fixed to dispose of such an application. While in Section 39(3), specific period is mentioned for purposes of rectification. (Para 6)
       The scope of rectification is different from the scope of review though sometimes they may overlap. From the scheme of the Amendment Act, it is clear that both the powers of review and rectification were conferred upon different authorities to modify the earlier order to give necessary effect to the provisions of the Principal Act as amended by the Amendment Act. When two specific and independent powers have been conferred upon the authorities, both the powers can be exercised alternatively. In the present case, if the interpretation adopted by the High Court is to be accepted then the provision for review becomes totally redundant or otiose and there will be no difference between the power of review and power of rectification. As stated earlier, the scheme of the Amendment Act is that an application will have to be made to an authority within the specified date for review of the assessment order or such other order, as the case may be, for varying the same to bring it in terms with the Amendment Act while the period of making the order pursuant to rectification is coalesced with Section 39 of the Amendment Act imposing certain limitations of time. Those limitations cannot be read into sub-section (2) of Section 39 of the Amendment Act. (Para 7)

JUDGMENT

Rajendra Babu, J.-In these batch of cases, the question for consideration is the interpretation of Section 39 of the Uttar Pradesh Sales Tax (Amendment) Act, 1995 (U.P. Act No. 31 of 1995) (hereinafter referred to as the Amendment Act ). The turnover in respect of rectified spirit and denatured spirit was held to be non-taxable under the U.P. Sales Tax Act, 1948 (hereinafter referred to as the Principal Act ) by the Trade Tax Tribunal, Muzaffar Nagar (hereinafter referred to as the Tribunal ) in respect of assessment years 1974-75 to 1983-84, except 1977-78, as there was no levy on such items at the relevant point of time. An application was filed by the Department before the Tribunal for review on the basis of the amendment of Sections 3-A and Section 4 of the Principal Act as amended by the Amendment Act. By amendment to Section 3-A of the Principal Act, a specific clause was added to bring the turnover of alcohol as defined under the United Provinces Sale of (Motor Spirits, Diesel Oil and Alcohol) Taxation Act, 1939, amongst other goods, at such point and at such rate not exceeding twenty six percent, as the State Government may, by notification declare. The result is that in the Principal Act sale of alcohol as defined in the U.P. Sale of (Motor Spirits, Diesel Oil and Alcohol) Taxation Act, 1939 became taxable. The review applications filed on behalf of the Revenue was opposed by the respondents on various grounds. The Tribunal, however, rejected the contentions raised on behalf of the respondents and allowed the review application of the Department and levied the tax on the turnover of the respondents.

2. The matter was carried in revision to the High Court. The learned Single Judge took the view that the provisions of Section 39 of the Amendment Act merely enabled the Assessing, Appellate or Revising Authority to rectify the orders passed prior to the commencement of the said section in conformity with the amendment made in the Principal Act within a time frame. It was observed that Section 39(2) of the Amendment Act made abundantly clear that an application has to be filed by September 30, 1995 and orders of review or rectification are to be made either within one year from the commencement of Section 39 or within the period prescribed in Section 22 of the Principal Act, that is, three years from the date of the order sought to be rectified and proviso to Section 22 has no application to such a case. The period prescribed by Section 22(1) is three years and there is no other period and, therefore, the learned Single Judge held that the question of extension of the period of limitation for the passing of the order as provided under the proviso to Section 22 has no relevance while interpreting the provisions of Section 39 of the Amendment Act. He took the view that such orders of review or rectification should have been passed on or before March 14, 1996 and not beyond that time. In the present case the orders of the Tribunal had been passed on March 22, 1997, as such, the same were held to have been made beyond time as prescribed under Section 39 of the Amendment Act. This order is called in question in these appeals.

3. For purposes of clear understanding, we may set out the relevant provisions here under :

"Section 22 of the Principal Act :

Section 22. Rectification of mistakes. -(1) The Assessing, Appellate or Revising Authority or the Tribunal may, on its own motion or on the application of the dealer or any other interested person rectify any mistake in its order, apparent on the record within three years from the date of the order sought to be rectified :

Provided that where an application under this sub-section has been made within such period of three years, it may be disposed of even beyond such period :

Provided further that no such rectification as has the effect of enhancing the assessment, penalty, fees or other dues shall be made unless reasonable opportunity of being heard has been given to the deale

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2000 Supreme(SC) 587

IMPORTANT POINTWhen two specific and independent powers have been conferred upon the authorities, both the powers can be exercised alternatively and the limitations imposed for exercise of powers of rectification cannot be read into the exercise of power of review.

IMPORTANT POINT
When two specific and independent powers have been conferred upon the authorities, both the powers can be exercised alternatively and the limitations imposed for exercise of powers of rectification cannot be read into the exercise of power of review.