The place of receipt of income depends on the agreement between the parties or the course of conduct of the parties.

Judgement

J. L. KAPUR J. : This appeal pursuant to special leave is brought by the Commissioner of Income-tax against the judgment of the High Court of Orissa holding that the amounts received by the assessees-respondents were not received in what was British India and therefore not liable to income-tax. The respondents at all material times were non-residents carrying on business at Secunderabad which was then in the territories of the Nizam of Hyderabad. They acted as agents for the supply of gas plants manufactured by Messrs. T. V. S. Iyengar and Sons, Madura to the Nizam s Government, and also as agents of the Lucas Indian Services, Bombay branch, for the supply of certain goods to that Government. The year of assessment is 1945-46. There does not appear to have been any written agreement between the two manufacturers and the respondents but the goods were to be supplied on a commission basis. In pursuance of this agreement the respondents received from M/s. T. V. S. Iyengar and Sons, Madura, cheques drawn on the Imperial Bank of India, Madras, amounting to Rs. 35,202 in respect of all goods supplied from Madura. and also from Lucas Indian Services Bombay by cheques drawn on Imperial Bank of India, Bombay branch, amounting to Rs. 5,302 in respect of goods supplied by them, thus making a total of Rs. 40, 504. These cheques were sent by post and when received by the respondents at Secunderabad were credited in the account books of the respondents and sent to their banker G. Raghunathmal for collecting and crediting to the account of the respondents. As against these sums so deposited the respondents at once drew cheques and thus operated on these amounts deposited. In regard to the commission receive from the Bombay firm it was paid into the account on 22-12-1944, but was given credit for only on 2-1-1945. The Income-tax Officer assessed these sums as taxable income holding that the entire amount of Rs. 40,504 was received in British India and not at Secunderabad: An appeal was taken by the respondents to the Appellate Assistant Commissioner who upheld the order holding that income must be held to have accrued, arisen or received in British India. Against this order the respondents took, an appeal to the Income-tax Appellate Tribunal and it was held that the amounts were received by the respondents from Madura and Bombay firms as commission but they were received at Secunderabad. The appeal was therefore allowed. The finding of the Appellate Tribunal in their own words was:

"The contention of the Appellants is that the cheques being negotiable instruments and the creditor having accepted them and passed through their books, the receipt must be taken to be receipts in Hyderabad. We agree with the view submitted by the appellants. In Bhashyam s Negotiable Instruments Act, 8th Edition, Revised, page 556, it is stated that it will be open to a creditor to accept a cheque in absolute payment of money due to him, in which case it will be equivalent to cash payment. That being the position it cannot be said that the income was received in British India."

At the instance of the Commissioner a reference under S. 66 (1) of the Act was trade to the High Court of Orissa for their opinion on the following question:

"Whether in the circumstances of the case, the sums of Rs. 35,202 and Rs. 5,302 received as commission from T. V. S. Iyengar and Sons Ltd., and Lucas Indian Services Ltd., respectively were income that accrued, arose or were received in British India."

The High Court found that the statement of case was imperfect and that the real question was different. It said:

"The real question in all such bases is not merely whether the cheques were drawn on a bank in British India, and sent for collection to that bank. The question is whether when the cheques were received by the assessce having his place of business outside British India, those cheques were in fact received as absolute and final payments by way of unconditional discharge or w