Judgment

GROVER J.:- These eight appeals by certificate arise out of a common judgment of the Rajasthan High Court dismissing the petitions under Article 226 of the Constitution filed by the appellants.

2. The appellants carry on the business inter alia, of manufacture and sale of vests and underwears (Baniyans and Chaddies) out of knitted fabric. On January 31, 1958 a notification was issued by the State Government under Section 4 (2) of the Rajasthan Sales Tax Act, 1950. hereinafter called the "Act, exempting from tax the sale of any garment whether prepared within or imported from outisde Rajasthan the value of which did not exceed Rs.4 in single piece. In spite of the aforesaid notification the authorities did not exempt from payment of sales tax the sale of vests and underwears the value of which did not exceed Rs.4 in single piece. The notification was interpreted to mean that the goods manufactured by the appellants were not garments within its meaning. M/s. Pareek Hosiery Products Jaipur took the matter to the High Court by way of a writ petition under Article 226 of the Constitution which was allowed and it was held that the vests and underwears were covered by the said notification. On March 26, 1962 the State of Rajasthan issued another notification in exercise of the powers under Section 4 (2) of the Act by which the sale of garments whether prepared within or imported from outside Rajasthan the value of which did not exceed Rs. 4 in a single piece were exempted from payment of sales tax but this exemption excluded "hosiery" products and hats of all kinds." The appellants were subjected to sales tax in respect of sales of vests and underwears of knitted fabric for the periods of assessment ranging between April 1, 1961 to October 31, 1965 Penalties were also levied on them. It was in these circumstances that the appellants filed writ petitions in the High Court.

3. The principal attack on the impugned notification was based on Article 14 of the Constitution. It was urged before the High Court as it has been contended before us that there was no rational basis for classification between garments as such and knitted garments like Baniyans and Chaddies. In the affidavit which was filed by the State no reason was given why particular kind of garments were exempted whereas others of the same value were not given the benefit of exemption. It is well settled that although a taxing statute can be challenged on the ground to infringement of Art. 14 but in deciding whether the law challenged is discriminatory it has to be borne in mind that in matters of taxation the legislature possesses the large freedom in the matter of classification. Thus wide discretion can be exercised in selecting persons or objects which will be taxed and the statute is not open to attack on the mere ground that it taxes some persons or objects and not others. It is only when within the range of its selection the law operates unequally and cannot be justified on the basis of a valid classification that there would be a violation of Article 14.

4. Section 4 (2) of the Act provides that no tax shall be payable on the sale or purchase of any of the exempted goods if the conditions specified in column 3 of the schedule are satisfied. Where the State Government is of opinion that it is necessary or expedient in the public interest so to do, it may by notification exempt from tax the sale or purchase of any goods or class of goods or any person or class of persons on such conditions as may be specified. The impugned notification was issued in accordance with this section. It is for the State to decide while granting the exemption by means of a notification as to the class of goods which should be exempted in public interest. As rightly pointed out by the High Court the notification makes a classification between garments in general the value of which does not exceed Rs.4 in a single piece and hosiery products including hosiery garments. Hosiery products gener