Judgment

CHANDRACHUD, J.:- This is a habeas corpus petition challenging the validity of an, order of detention passed by the District Magistrate, 24 Parganas, West Bengal on August 28, 1973. That order was passed under the Maintenance of Internal Security Act, 1971 on the ground that the petitioner was acting in a manner prejudicial to the maintenance of supplies and services essential to the community.

2. The particulars of the ground of detention furnished to the petitioner state that on 19-8-1973 when the petitioner s godown at Naihati was searched property belonging to the Railway which was not available in the open market and which was of the approximate value of Rs. 1180.50 was found. The property is stated to consist of 10 pieces of tie bars. 10 pieces of Rly. fish plates, 7 pieces of couplings, 20 pieces of two way keys and 11 pieces of cut pieces of rails."

3. The case of the petitioner as disclosed in his petition is that the articles recovered from his godown are scrap metal and that such articles are available in the open market. The petitioner claims to have purchased several such articles of scrap metal on April 12 and June 28, 1973 from a firm called R. Choudhary and Co. doing business at 121/4A, Maniktola Main Road. Calcutta. The petitioner has produced stamped receipts alleged to have been issued by the sellers. The receipt dated April 12, 1973 is in the sum of Rs. 525-60. The receipt is apparently issued in the name of the petitioner and relates to scrap consisting of couplings, Dog pins Clips, Pull Rod keys, Socket fish plates etc. The price of the scrap material is stated in the receipt to be Rs. 510-00 on which Sales Tax at 3 per cent and surcharge on the Sales Tax at 2 per cent. is charged. The second receipt dated June 28, 1973 also purports to have been issued by the sellers R. Choudhary and Co., in favour of the petitioner. The receipt evidences the sale of similar scrap articles of the value of Rs. 5000.00. Adding the Sales Tax and the surcharge the amount of the bill is made out in the receipt at Rs. 5153.

4. The District Magistrate, in his counter affidavit, says that the goods which were recovered from the godown of the petitioner are of a special kind used exclusively by the Railways and are not available in the open market. A criminal case was filed against the petitioner under Section 3 (a) of the Railway Property (Unlawful Possession) Act, 1966 but that case could not be proceeded with as, according to the District Magistrate, the witnesses "did not dare to depose in open court against the detenu for fear of their lives". It appears from the counter affidavit that a petition filed by the petitioner in the Calcutta High Court to challenge the very order of detention was dismissed on December 21, 1973. The Seizure List which is Annexure B to the counter affidavit contains at the end a certificate by the Sub-Inspector of Police who seized the articles that they "appear to be serviceable Rly. P. W. D. materials and Rly. Carriage materials".

5. This strikes us as a typical case in which for no apparent reason a person who could easily be prosecuted under the punitive laws is being preventively detained. The Railway Property (Unlawful Possession) Act, 29 of 1966, confers extensive powers to bring to book persons who are found in unlawful possession of railway property. The first offence is punishable with a sentence of five years and in the absence of special and adequate reasons to be mentioned in the judgment the imprisonment shall not be less than one year. When a person is arrested for an offence punishable under that Act, officers of the Railway Protection Force have the power to investigate into the alleged offence and the statements recorded by them during the course of investigation do not attract the provisions of Section 162, Criminal P. C., (See Criminal Appeal No. 156 of 1972 decided on 28-8-1974) = (reported in AIR 1974 SC 2136. If the facts stated in the ground are true, this was an easy cas