SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
V.R. KRISHNA IYER AND JASWANT SINGH, JJ.
T. Arivandandam, Petitioner
Versus
T. V. Satyapal and another, Respondents.
Special Leave Petn. (Civil) No. 4483 of 1977,
D/- 14-10-1977.
Advocates Appeared
Civil P.C. (5 of 1908), S.35A, O.7, R.11 - Rejection of plaint - False or vexatious claims - Mr. P. R. Ramasesh, Advocate, for Petitioner.
Code of Civil Procedure - Sec. 35 A - Court can take deterrent action in awarding cost on satisfaction that the suit is vexatious and altogether groundless (Para 6)
Code of Civil Procedure - O. 3 R. 1 & 4 - Advocates are officer of justice and one duty to the society-Advocates should refuse to be beguiled by delirious client for filing fraudulent and frivolous suits. (Para 7)
The Supreme Court dismissed a special leave petition filed by the petitioner (an engineer and son of the second respondent tenant) challenging a High Court order vacating an injunction in a suit seeking to declare a confirmed eviction order as fraudulent and to restrain its execution. (!) (!) [1000175490001] (!)
The petitioner and his father engaged in repeated frivolous litigation to delay vacating premises after losing an eviction suit, appeal, and revision, despite court-granted extensions.[1000175490002][1000175490003]
They filed multiple suits alleging fraud in the eviction order, obtained ex parte injunctions, and pursued unsuccessful appeals and revisions, abusing court processes through sharp practices and evasive tactics.[1000175490001][1000175490002][1000175490003][1000175490004]
The Court strongly condemned this vexatious conduct as a gross abuse of judicial process, eroding public confidence, and noted the High Court judge's ordeal, including personal distress from the parties' bullying.[1000175490001][1000175490003][1000175490004][1000175490006]
Trial courts must conduct a meaningful reading of plaints to reject those under Order VII Rule 11 CPC if they disclose no cause of action or are manifestly vexatious and meritless, piercing illusions from skillful drafting.[1000175490004]
Courts should examine parties searchingly at the first hearing under Order X CPC to identify and dismiss bogus claims early, acting as activist judges against irresponsible suits.[1000175490004]
Deterrent costs may be awarded under Section 35A CPC if litigation is vexatious and groundless; penal provisions (e.g., Chapter XI IPC) apply against such litigants.[1000175490004][1000175490005]
Advocates, as officers of justice, have a duty to society to refuse frivolous or fraudulent suits from dubious clients, and Bar Councils should enforce this.[1000175490006]
Ex parte injunctions in unmerited cases devalue judicial processes and encourage litigation gambling.[1000175490006]
Judgment
KRISHNA IYER, J. - The pathology of litigative addiction ruins the poor of this country and the Bar has a role to cure this deleterious tendency of parties to launch frivolous and vexatious cases.
2. Here is an audacious application by a determined engineer of fake litigations asking for special leave to appeal against an order of the High Court on an interlocutory application for injunction. The sharp practice or legal legerdemain of the petitioner, who is the son of the 2nd respondent, stultifies the court process and makes decrees with judicial seals brutum fulmen. The long arm of the law must throttle such litigative caricatures if the confidence and credibility of the community in the judicature is to survive. The contempt power of the Court is meant for such persons as the present petitioner. We desist from taking action because of the sweet reasonableness of counsel Sri Remasesh.
3. What is the horrendous enterprise of the petitioner? The learned Judge has, with a touch of personal poignancy, judicial sensitivity and anguished anxiety, narrated the sorry story of a long-drawn out series of legal proceedings revealing how the father of the petitioner contested an eviction proceeding, lost it, appealed against it, lost again, moved a revision only to be rebuffed by summary rejection by the High Court. But the Judge, in his element jurisdiction, gratuitously granted over six months time to vacate the premises. After having enjoyed the benefit of this indulgence the maladroit party moved for further time to vacate. All these proceedings were being carried on by the 2nd respondent who was the father of the petitioner. Finding that the courts generosity had been exploited to the full, the 2nd respondent and the petitioner, his son, set upon a clever adventure by abuse of the process of the court. The petitioner filed a suit before the Fourth Additional First Munsif, Bangalore, for a declaration that the order of eviction, which had been confirmed right up to the High Court and resisted by the 2nd respondent throughout, was one obtained by fraud and collusion. He sought an injunction against the execution of the eviction order. When this fact was brought to the notice of the High Court, during the hearing of the prayer for further time to vacate, instead of frowning upon the fraudulent stroke, the learned Judge took pity on the tenant and persuaded the landlord to give more time for vacating the premises on the basis that the suit newly and sinisterly filed would be withdrawn by the petitioner. Gaining time by another five months on this score, the father and son belied the hope of the learned Judge who thought that the litigative skirmishes would come to an end, but hope can be dupe when the customer concerned is a crook.
4. The next chapter in the litigative acrobatics of the petitioner and father soon followed since they were determined to dupe and defy the process of the court to cling on to the shop. The trick they adopted was to institute another suit before another Munsif making a carbon copy as it were of the old plaint and playing upon the likely gullibility of the new Munsif to grant an ex parte injunction. The 1st respondent entered appearance and exposed the hoax played upon the court by the petitioner and the 2nd respondent. Thereupon the Munsif vacated the order of injunction he had already granted. An appeal was carried without success. Undaunted by all these defeats the petitioner came to the High Court in revision and managed to get an injunction over again. The 2nd respondent promptly applied for vacating the temporary injunction and when the petition came up for hearing before Mr. Justice Venkataramayya, counsel for the petitioner submitted that he should not hear the case, the pretext put forward being that the petitioner had cutely mentioned the name of the Judge in the affidavit while describing the prior proceedings. The unhappy Judge, who had done all he could to help the tenant by persuading the l
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