Judgment

TULZAPURKAR, J.:- These appeals, by certificates are directed against the common judgment and order rendered by the Calcutta High Court on Feb. 8, 1977 in Income Tax Reference No. 156 of 1969 and Income Tax References Nos. 398, 399 and 400 of 1969,* whereby the assessees claim for deduction under S. 36 (1) (iv) of the Indian Income-tax Act 1961 (hereinafter referred to as the Act) in respect of three sums of Rs. 95,421/-, Rs. 1,00,564/- and Rupees 1,17,969/- out of the total contributions made by the assessee to a recognised Provident Fund for the assessment years 1962-63, 1963-64 and 1964-65 respectively was disallowed and the principal question raised in these appeals is whether the expression "salary" as defined in Rule 2 (h) in Part A of the Fourth Schedule to the Act includes "commission" paid by the assessee to its salesmen in terms of their contracts of employment?

* Reported in 1977 Tax LR 828 (Cal)

2. The assessee is a private limited company and carries on the business of manufacture and sale of duplicating machines and accessories. It has in its regular employment three categories of salesmen - machine salesmen, mixed salesmen and supply salesmen. As a term of the contract of employment between the assessee and the salesmen of the aforesaid categories, the assessee besides paying a fixed monthly salary also paid commission to them at fixed percentage of turnover achieved by each salesman, the rate of percentage varying according to the class of article sold and the category to which the salesman belonged. The assessee maintained a regular Provident Fund for its employees which was recognised by the Commr. of Income-tax some time in 1937 and the said recognition continued and was in force during the relevant years in question. In the previous years ending 31st December 1961, 31st December, 1962 and 31st December 1963 relevant to the assessment years 1962-63, 1963-64 and 1964-65 the assessee made contributions out of its own moneys, to the individual accounts of these salesmen in the said Provident Fund on the basis of salary and commission paid to them and claimed such contributions as allowable deductions under S. 36 (1) (iv) of the Act and in that behalf reliance was placed by the assessee upon Rule 2 of the assessee-companys Recognised Provident Fund Scheme Rules under which "salary" meant not only the fixed monthly salary but also the commission and dearness allowance as might be paid by the company to its employees. Out of such total contributions the Income-tax Officer disallowed the sums of Rupees 95,421/-, Rs. 1,00,564/- and Rs. 1,17,969/- on the ground that these amounts pertained to the commission paid by the assessee to its salesmen for the three years respectively and that under Rule 2 (h) of Part A of the Fourth Schedule to the Act, which was applicable, the expression "salary" did not include such commission. Three appeals, for the aforesaid three years, filed by the assessee were heard by two different Appellate Assistant Commissioners one of whom rejected the appeal for the assessment year 1962-63 in view of Rule 2 (h) of Part A of the Fourth Schedule to the Act but the other Appellate Assistant Commissioner allowed the appeals for the assessment years 1963-64 and 1964-65 by accepting the assessees contention. The assessee as also the Revenue preferred appeals to the Appellate Tribunal. On the one hand, relying upon the dictionary meaning of the expression "salary" as given in the Shorter Oxford Dictionary and Strouds Judicial Dictionary and upon the manner in which the term was defined in R. 2 of the assessees Recognised Provident Fund Scheme Rules, it was contended on behalf of the assessee that the commission of the nature paid by it to its salesmen was nothing but a composite part of the salary itself, the same being determinable as per the terms of the contract and as such the contributions on the basis of such commission made by the assessee to the Provident Fund were deductible under S. 3