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1979 Supreme(SC) 221

SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
P.N. SHINGHAL AND D.A. DESAI, JJ.
N. Jayaram Reddi and another, Appellants
Versus
The Revenue Divisional Officer and Land Acquisition Officer, Kurnool, Respondent.
Civil Appeal No. 2314 of 1969, D/- 23-3-1979.
Advocates appeared
Mr. A. K. Sen, Sr. Advocate (Mr. A. Subba Rao, Advocate with him), for Appellants; Mr.T. V. S. N. Chari, Advocate, for Respondent.

Advocates:
A.K.SEN GUPTA, A.SUBBA RAO, T.V.S.N.Chari

Headnote:Code of Civil Procedure or 22 R. 3 & 4 - Abatement of cross objections-Appeal against the award of compensation under Land Acquisition Act-Cross appeal by the Government for reduction of the amount awarded-Death of the claimant-Steps for substitution taken in appeal by the claimant but no steps taken by the Government in cross objection-No objection regarding abatement of appeal taken during hearing of appeal and cross objection-Objection can't be raised after the dismissal of appeal and allowing of cross objection-It amounts to abandonment of plea of abatement-Their being a large number of persons having identical interest the appeal does not abate nor does an appeal abate since the heirs were before the Court in another capacity. (Paras 6, 10, 29 & 39)

Judgement Key Points
  • The appeal arises from a land acquisition matter where the State acquired approximately 2 acres 79 cents of land in Kurnool town for a bus depot, with possession taken on May 25, 1962. Compensation was initially fixed at Rs. 2 per square yard plus solatium and interest, but the Subordinate Judge enhanced it to Rs. 12 per square yard. [1000182780001][1000182780002]
  • Cross-appeals were filed: claimants' appeal (AS 296/1964) for further enhancement and government appeal (AS 180/1964) for reduction. One claimant, Y. Prabhakar Reddy (respondent No. 2 in government appeal, co-appellant in claimants' appeal), died on April 3, 1964. [1000182780002] (!)
  • Legal representatives (LRs) of the deceased were brought on record in the claimants' appeal on July 14, 1964, before the 90-day limit, preventing abatement of that appeal. No such substitution occurred in the government appeal. [1000182780002][1000182780007] (!)
  • The High Court heard both appeals together without objection to abatement, dismissed the claimants' appeal, and allowed the government appeal, reducing compensation to Rs. 4 per square yard plus solatium and interest. [1000182780002] (!)
  • Argument that government appeal abated wholly against all respondents due to non-substitution of LRs within 90 days under Order XXII Rule 4(1) CPC, as right to sue does not survive against surviving respondents alone. However, abatement against deceased does not automatically dismiss the entire appeal; survival of right to sue requires judicial determination. [1000182780003] (!)
  • A decree against a deceased person is a nullity only insofar as it affects the LRs without hearing them, but LRs may waive this technicality and abide by the decree. [1000182780004][1000182780005]
  • LRs were aware of death and non-substitution in government appeal (having been substituted in claimants' appeal), yet did not object during five years of pendency or at hearing; instead, argued merits through counsel, abandoning abatement plea willfully. Objection raised post-judgment in certificate petition cannot revive it. [1000182780006][1000182780007][1000182780008][1000182780009][1000182780013] (!)
  • In cross-appeals from the same decree, parties in rival positions; substitution of LRs in one (claimants' appeal) where deceased was appellant satisfies natural justice, as they had opportunity to defend/advance case fully, even without formal substitution as respondents in the other (government appeal). No abatement occurs. (!) (!) (!) (!) (!) (!)
  • Principles: Order XXII Rules 3/4 ensure hearing opportunity for those affected; adequate representation of estate (even if some LRs missed) or presence in another capacity prevents abatement. Cross-appeals interdependent like appeal/cross-objections; form over substance avoided. (!) (!) (!) (!) (!)
  • On merits, High Court properly considered purchase price (Rs. 2/sq yd eight months prior), lack of improvements, rejected suspicious sale agreements, discounted small-plot sales (3-5 cents); Rs. 4/sq yd reasonable given location/potential. No interference needed. [1000182780014][1000182780015] (!)
  • Appeal dismissed, no costs. [1000182780016] (!) (!)

Judgment

SHINGHAL, J.:- This appeal is by a certificate of the High Court of Andhra Pradesh on the valuation of the subject matter and is directed against its judgment dated February 4, 1969.

2. The State Government acquired 2 acres and 79 cents of the land of the appellants in Kurnool town for locating a bus depot of the Andhra Pradesh State Transport Corporation. It was arable land within the municipal limits of the town, with two trees and an old compound wall. Its possession was taken by the State Government on May 25, 1962. The market value of the land was fixed at Rs. 27,042.53 at the rate of Rs. 2 per square yard. The compound wall and the trees were valued at Rs. 930 and after allowing a solatium of 15 per cent and interest at 4 per cent per annum, the total compensation was worked out to Rs. 33,069.12. N. Jayarama Reddy, Y. Prabhakar Reddy and C. Manikya Reddy, who were the three owners of the land, accepted that compensation under protest and applied for a reference under Section 18 of the Land Acquisition Act. After recording evidence and inspecting the site, the Subordinate Judge held that the claimants were entitled to payment at the rate of Rs. 12 per square yard for the value of land, a solatium of 15 per cent and interest at 4 per cent. Both parties felt aggrieved against that order dated July 30, 1963. While Appeal No. AS 180 of 1964, hereinafter referred to as the Government appeal, was filed by the Revenue Divisional Officer and the Land Acquisition Officer, Kurnool, Appeal No. AS 296 of 1964, hereinafter referred to as the claimants appeal, was filed by the claimants. There were thus cross-appeals in the High Court against a common order of the Subordinate Judge. The memorandum of the Government appeal was filed on December, 7, 1963. I do not have the date of the claimants appeal on the record, but it is not disputed that it was filed before April 3, 1964. While the two appeals were pending in the High Court,. Y. Prabhakar Reddy, one of the three claimants of the compensation for the acquired land, died on April 3, 1964. An application was made in the claimants appeal to bring his legal representatives on the record, and the High Court passed an order on July, 14, 1964 (in C. M. P. No. 7284 of 1964) bringing appellants 4 to 9 on record as the legal representatives of Y. Prabhakar Reddy. It is admitted before me that was done before the abatement of that appeal. It seems that no application was made in the government appeal to bring the legal representatives of the deceased respondent Y. Prabhakar Reddy on the record of that appeal. Both the appeals were, however, taken up for hearing together and were disposed of by a common judgment of the High Court dated February 4, 1969. The High Court dismissed the claimants appeal, but allowed the government appeal and reduced the price of the acquired land from Rs. 12/- to Rs. 4/- per square yard "with the usual solatium and interest at 4 per cent as allowed by the lower court." While the government felt satisfied with that judgment, the claimants applied for a certificate which was granted on the ground that the value of the subject-matter of the suit in the court of first instance was upwards of Rs. 20,000/- and the value of the subject-matter in dispute on appeal to this Court was also upwards of that amount and the decree appealed from did not affirm the decision of the lower court. On the strength of that certificate, the appellants have come up to this Court in appeal.

3. It has been argued by Mr. Sen on behalf of the appellants that as Y. Prabhakar Reddy, respondent No. 2 in the government appeal, died on April 3, 1964, and his legal representatives were not brought on the record within the period of 90 days provided by law, that appeal abated thereafter and stood dismissed automatically and could not be resurrected and heard by the High Court as a cross-appeal to the claimants appeal. The learned counsel has placed reliance on the decisions of this Court in St




















































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