JUDGMENT

Chinnappa Reddy, J.- The civil appeal, the special leave petitions and the writ petitions were heard together. There were some points common to all the cases and some special only to a few of the cases. It is unnecessary to state the facts of any of the cases in detail. Before the passing of the U. P. Cooperative Societies Act, 1965, the Cooperative Societies Act, 1912, was in force and various cooperative societies including cooperative banks were registered under that Act. In 1965 the U. P. Cooperative Societies Act, 1965, was passed to consolidate and amend the law relating to cooperative societies, in Uttar Pradesh. The Statement of Objects and Reasons shows that the effort was to reorient the policy of the State towards cooperation and to adopt cooperative techniques in various spheres of developmental activity. Experience had shown that it was also necessary to introduce some provisions to entrust additional function and responsibilities to cooperative societies but at the same time it was necessary to give proper guidance and exercise effective supervision and control. It was expressly stated that one of the principal objects, of the Act was to enable the weaker sec