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1982 Supreme(SC) 200

SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
V.D. TULZAPURKAR AND A. VARADARAJAN, JJ.
Abdul Zabbar, Petitioner
Versus
State of Rajasthan and others, Respondents.
Writ Petns. Nos. 1191 and 1182 of 1982 and S.L.P. (Crl.) No. 2380 of 1982, D/-11-11-1982.
Advocates appeared
Mr. Ram Jethmalani, Sr. Advocate, Mr. Sobhagmal Jain, Sr. Advocate and Mr. S. K. Jain, Advocate, for Petitioner; Mr. B. D. Sharma, Advocate, for Respondents.

Headnote:

Constitution of India, 1950 – Article 32 - Conservation of Foreign Exchange and Prevention of Smuggling Activities Act - Section 3 – Order of detention – Challenged - It appears that the detenu made his representation and before his case was to be considered by Advisory Board he had made an application to Advisory Board for being represented on date of hearing either through a counselor by a non-lawyer educated friend and he requested that necessary permission may be communicated to him so that he may make necessary arrangement on date of hearing before Board - No reply was received - On 5th April, 1982 when his case was taken up by Advisory Board he reiterated his request - But request was turned down in both respects and after hearing petitioner in person Advisory Board gave its opinion justifying detention order - Held, Counsel for respondent urged that petitioner had not furnished name of friend so as to enable Board to ascertain whether friend was a lawyer or not. But Board could have asked that petitioner to do so either earlier or on 5th April 1982 before commencing proceedings if it was minded to grant his request in that behalf. - Counsel for the respondent further urged before us that even if this court finds that petitioners request was wrongly rejected matter could go back to Advisory Board and a proper hearing could be directed to be given to petitioner - It is not possible to accept this contention for simple reason that procedure followed by Advisory Board which involved a denial of a valuable right to petitioner unquestionably vitiated entire proceedings before it and therefore continued detention of petitioner as from 5-4-82 would be illegal and same will have to be quashed - Writ petition is allowed.

ORDER :- By this writ petition filed under Art. 32 of the Constitution the petitioner (detenu) is challenging his continued detention under S. 3 of the Conservation of Foreign Exchange and Prevention of Smuggling Activities Act (for short COFEPOSA). The short ground on which the continued detention challenged before us is that the proceedings before the Advisory Board were vitiated by denial of a right to the detenu to be represented by a friend which right is now recognised and well settled as a result of the decision of this Court in A.K. Roy v. Union of India AIR 1982 SC 7 10.

2. The short facts giving rise to the aforesaid ground are these: As a result of the detention Order passed on 1st March, 1982 the petitioner was detained on 3rd March, 1982, Grounds of detention were served upon him on 4th March, 1982. It appears that the detenu made his representation and before his case was to be considered by the Advisory Board he had made an application to the Advisory Board for being represented on the date of hearing either through a counsel or by a non-lawyer educated friend and he requested that the necessary permission may be communicated to him so that he may make necessary arrangement on the date of hearing before the Board. No reply was received. On 5th April, 1982 when his case was taken up by the Advisory Board he reiterated his request. But the request was turned down in both respects and after hearing the petitioner in person the Advisory Board gave its opinion justifying the detention order. The petitioner has contended before us that though under S. 8 (c) of the COFEPOSA he was not entitled to be represented by a legal practitioner his right to be represented through a friend before the Advisory Board was wrongly denied to him for no reason whatever, and in that behalf reliance has been placed by the counsel for the petitioner on this Courts observations in para 95 of its judgment in A.K. Roys case (AIR 1982 SC 710 (supra) at page 747 of the report which runs thus:

"Another aspect of this matter which needs to be mentioned is that the embargo on the appearance of legal practitioners should not be extended so as to prevent the detenu from being aided or assisted by a friend who, in truth and substance, is not a legal practitioner. Every person whose interests are adversely affected as a result of the proceedings which have a serious import, is entitled to be heard in those proceedings and be assisted by a friend. A detenu, taken straight from his cell to the Boards room, may lack the ease and composure to present his point of view. He may be tongue-tied, nervous, confused or wanting in intelligence" (see Pett. v. Greyhound Racing Association Ltd. (1969-1 QB 125), and if justice is to be done, he must at least have the help of a friend who can assist him to give coherence to his stray and wandering ideas. Incarcertaion makes a man and his thoughts dishevelled. Just as a person who is dumb is entitled as he must, to be represented by a person who has speech, even so, a person who finds himself unable to present his own case is entitled to take the aid and advice of a person who is better situated to appreciate the facts of the case and the language of the law. It may be that denial of legal representation is not denial of natural justice per se, and therefore, if a statute excludes that facility expressly, it would not be open to the Tribunal to allow it. Fairness, as said by Lord Denning M.R., in Maynard v. Osmond, (1977) 1 QB 240, 253 can be obtained without legal representation. But it is not fair, and the statute does not exclude that right, that the detenu should not even be allowed to take the aid of a friend. Whenever demanded, the Advisory Boards must grant that facility." (Emphasis supplied)

3. We may refer to another decision of this court in Devji Tandels case (1982) 2 SCC 22 where the aforesaid right has been reiterated by this Court. Counsel for the petitioner invited our attention to certain observations ma





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