JUDGMENT

VENKATARAMIAH, J.:— We are principally concerned in this case with the effect of S. 97 of the Civil P.C. (Amendment) Act, 1976 (104 of 1976) (hereinafter referred to as the Amending Act) on any amendment made or any provision inserted in the Civil P.C. 1908 (hereinafter referred to as the Code) by a State Legislature or a High Court prior to the commencement of the Amending Act, i.e., prior to Feb. 1, 1977 in the different local areas in India where the Code is in force if they be inconsistent with the provisions of the Code as amended by the Amending Act.

S. 97(1) of the Amending Act reads thus :-

"any amendment made, or any provision inserted in the principal Act by a State Legislature or a High Court before the commencement of this Act shall, except in so far as such amendment or provision is consistent with the provisions of the principal Act as amended by this Act, stand repealed."

2. The above provision is however subject to sub-sec. (2) of S. 97 of the Amending Act which provides that notwithstanding that the provisions of the Amending Act have come into force or the repeal under sub-sec. (1) of S. 97 of the Amending Act has taken effect, and without prejudice to the generality of the provisions of S. 6 of the General Clauses Act, 1897, the provisions in clauses (a) to (zb) of that sub-section would prevail. Sub-sec. (3) of S. 97 of the Amending Act provides that save as otherwise provided in sub-sec. (2), the provisions of the principal Act, as amended by the Amending Act, shall apply to every suit, proceeding, appeal or application pending at the commencement of the Amending Act or instituted or filed after such commencement, notwithstanding the fact that the right, or cause of action, in pursuance of which such suit, proceeding, appeal or application is instituted or filed, had been acquired or had accrued before such commencement.

3. The principal Act referred to in S. 97 is the Code. By the Amending Act several amendments were carried out to the Code on the basis of the recommendations of the Indian Law Commission which had considered extensively the provisions of the Code before it submitted its 54th Report in 1973. By the time, the Law Commission took up for consideration the revision of the Code, there were in force in different parts of India several amendments to the Code which had been effected by the State Legislatures or by the High Courts. The subject of civil procedure being in Entry 13 of List III of the Seventh Sch. to the Constitution, it is open to a State Legislature to amend the Code insofar as its State is concerned in the same way in which it can make a law which is in the Concurrent List. S. 122 of the Code empowers the High Courts to make rules regulating the procedure of civil courts subject to their superintendence as well as rules regulating their own procedure. These rules no doubt must not be inconsistent with the body of the Code. But they can amend or add to rules in the First Sch. to the Code. S. 129 of the Code which is overlapping on S. 122 of the Code to some extent confers power on the Chartered High Courts to make rules as to their original civil procedure. As mentioned earlier, before the Amending Act came into force on Feb. 1, 1977 many of the provisions of the Code and the First Sch. had been amended by the State Legislatures or the High Courts as the case may be and such amended provisions had been brought into force in the areas over which they had jurisdiction. When the Amending Act was enacted making several changes in the Code Parliament also enacted S. 97 providing for repeals and savings and the effect of the changes on pending proceedings.

4. There are three sub-sections in S. 97 of the Amending Act. A reading of S. 97 of the Amending Act shows that it deals with the effect of the Amending Act on the entire Code both the main part of the Code consisting of sections and the First Sch. to the Code which contains Orders and Rules. S. 97(1) of the Amending Act takes note