Judgment

R. B. MISRA, J. — In the wake of Art. 48 of the Constitution the State of Bombay also passed an enactment, the Bombay Animal Preservation Act, 1954 for the preservation of animals suitable for milch, breeding or for agricultural purposes. Under sub-s. (1) of S. 2 the Act was to apply in the first instance to the animals specified in the schedule and the schedule mentioned bovines (bulls, bullocks, cows, calves, male and female buffaloes and buffalo-calves). Under sub-s. (2) of S. 2 the State Government may, by notification in the official gazette, apply the provisions of this Act to any other animal, which in its opinion, it is desirable to preserve. It does not appear that the provisions of the Act were ever made applicable to any other animals after the initial enactment of the Act and the schedule by the Bombay legislature. Section 5 of the Act, so far it is material, runs :

"5.(1) Notwithstanding any law for the time being in force or any usage to the contrary, no person shall slaughter any animal unless he has obtained in respect of such animal a certificate in writing from the Competent Authority appointed for the area that the animal is fit for slaughter."

2. In 1961 b