1. Implementation of guidelines for granting tehbazari permissions to squatters and hawkers under municipal control — dispute over classification, dues, and application deadlines. (Para 1 )
1993 Supreme(SC) 506
SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
A.M. Ahmadi and A.S. Anand, JJ.
Writ Petition (C) No. 1699 of 1987 with other Writ Petitions and SLP
Decided On: 12.05.1993
Gainda Ram and Ors. Appellants
Vs.
M.C.O., Town Hall and Ors. Respondent
Important Points
Subject
Administrative Law - Municipal Law
Act Referred
Headnote
Constitution of India, 1950 - Article 21 - Squatterslhawkers carrying on business activity – Scheme - Guidelines - MCD has also stated that no covered tehbazari/kiosks/stalls/ shops will be given to any person under present scheme and only open-to-sky tehbazari on area admeasuring 6 x 4 would be permitted to eligible squatters and seniority list will be prepared accordingly on submission of proof. Counsel for squatters/hawkers contended that earlier covered tehbazarilkiosks/shops/stalls was permitted to some of them like Jai Jawan Stores, etc., and if by this procedure it is intended to disturb them that should not be permitted - Held, Since all those who claim to be covered under the scheme and whose claims are awaiting scrutiny are protected by this order, we see no reason why their petitions/appeals/suits, etc., should be kept pending - Intimation of this order will be sent to Registrar of High Court of Delhi who will immediately apprise the judges of subordinate judiciary for compliance - Registrar will ensure compliance - With these observations, all writ petitions/appeals/SLPs/ suits, etc., pending in this Court/ High Court of Delhi and Courts subordinate to it shall stand terminated by this order forthwith - In other words no civil litigation commenced by or on behalf of squatters/ hawkers pending in courts of Delhi shall survive - No further litigation by or on behalf of any squatter/hawker will be entertained but if MCD violates any part of this order concerned party governed by this order will be entitled to file an IA for directions - Interim stay orders granted in those cases shall also stand vacated - MCD will, however, maintain status quo till verification is completed and only in regard to those hawkers/squatters/whose claims are negatived, will it be open to MCn to take action for their eviction ten days after the claim is rejected –Order accordingly.
Legal Category Hierarchy
GAINDA RAM
Table of Contents
2. Disputes regarding sub-classification of eligible squatters, entitlement to covered kiosks, hardship in clearing old municipal dues, and extension of time for filing claims. (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 )
3. Sub-classification of eligible squatters is unwarranted; temporary weather covers are permissible; lump sum payments can mitigate hardship regarding old dues. (Para 1 , 2 , 3 )
4. Administrative guidelines for hawking permissions must be applied uniformly without unwarranted sub-classification, and reasonable accommodations should be made for bona fide claimants facing hardship. (Para 1 , 3 , 4 )
5. Modified guidelines for claim verification — lump sum payment option for dues — time extension for specific litigants — termination of pending civil litigation. (Para 4 , 5 )
6. Can a municipal authority sub-classify eligible squatters based on the possession of specific survey receipts?
No, the court held that squatters who possess survey receipts and those who can provide other satisfactory proof of squatting belong to the same category and should be considered together based on their respective seniorities. (Para 1 )
7. Are squatters entitled to covered kiosks or temporary weather protection under hawking schemes?
No new covered kiosks will be granted, though existing ones are protected. However, temporary tarpaulin covers or umbrellas for weather protection are permitted, provided they are not used to create semi-permanent structures. (Para 2 )
8. How should the requirement to clear old municipal dues be handled for squatters facing financial hardship or lack of records?
To avoid avoidable hardship caused by the inability to produce old receipts or verify ancient records, the court allowed an option to pay a lump sum amount in quarterly installments. (Para 3 )
9. Do persons who do not fall within the specified categories of a hawking scheme have any legal protection?
No, persons who do not fall within the enumerated categories of the scheme are considered outside its scope and are not entitled to any protection. (Para 5 )
ORDER
1. In Saudan Singh v. NOMC, AIR1992 SC 1153, JT1992 (2)SC 190, 1992 (1)SCALE679, (1992)2 SCC458 , [1992]2 SCR243 we laid down certain guidelines in paragraph 11 of the judgment concerning squatterslhawkers carrying on business activity in the area within the administrative control of MCD. The guidelines laid down were four in number, namely:
"(1) Persons who have been found squatting between 1970 and 1982 and whose names are contained in the survey report prepared after the survey conducted in 1982 will receive first priority for grant oftehbazari permission subject to the scrutiny of their claims.
(2) Insofar as casuallehbazari on weekly holidays, festivals/melas, etc., is concerned, as well as at the 67 weekly bazars held, persons availing of the said benefit will continue to be granted the casual or weekly tehbazari.
(3) Squatters who have started squatting/hawking in 1983 onwards and who were not found on the date of survey would also be considered for grant of open tehbazari of 6 x 4 subject to the production of proof of continuous squatting and proof of residence and nationality. Such squatters/hawkers would be granted open tehbazari subject to availability of space provided they have cleared the dues of the MCD; and
(4) Persons who do not fall within the aforesaid three categories would be permitted to apply for hawking licences under Section 420 of the Delhi Municipal Corporation Act, 1957 and their applications would be considered on merit for permission to hawk -- not squat -- by moving in specified areas with their goods on their heads or on cycles. They will be entitled to hawk with their goods anywhere in the zone in respect of which they have been granted a licence. However, such permission will be subject to any restrictions that may be imposed by the residential associations of different colonies."
Pursuant to the said guidelines, the MCD issued public notices in newspapers and through hand bills, posters, etc., between the months of June and August 1992. In regard to the category of hawkers/squatters mentioned in the guidelines, the MCD has undertaken an exercise to complete the scrutiny expeditiously. In regard to hawkers/squatters falling under category (1), the MCD has divided them into two classes, namely, those who possess survey-report-receipt dated December 23, 1982 and those who do not possess that receipt but are in a position to tender evidence or proof of their squatting from 1970 to 1982. It is stated that the latter category will stand and will be treated and considered after the former. We would like to make it clear that they all belong to one category and this sub-classification is not warranted. Even in regard to those who do not possess the survey report receipt dated December 23, 1982 but tender satisfactory proof in regard to their squatting from 1970 to 1982 should be considered along with those who possess the receipt and be arranged in the order of their respective seniorities. We do not think that the sub-classification is necessary.
2. The MCD has also stated that no covered tehbazari/kiosks/stalls/ shops will be given to any person under the present scheme and only open-to-sky tehbazari on area admeasuring 6 x 4 would be permitted to eligible squatters and the seniority list will be prepared accordingly on submission of proof. Counsel for the squatters/hawkers contended that earlier covered tehbazarilkiosks/shops/stalls was permitted to some of them like Jai Jawan Stores, etc., and if by this procedure it is intended to disturb them that should not be permitted. We read this procedure only to mean that those who have not been expressly given such facility will not be given covered tehbazari/ kiosks/shops/stalls, etc., under the scheme which is being finalised. We would like to clarify that in the name of the procedure set out by the MCD, which they propose to follow to finalise claims, they would not be permitted to change the nature of the tehbazari of those, who have been expr