Judgment-

R. B. MISRA

( 1 ) THE present writ petitions under Article 32 of the Constitution and the civil appeals by special leave arising out of petitions under Article 226 of the Constitution raise common questions of law and are, therefore, being disposed of by a common judgment.

( 2 ) THE pattern of facts in the present group of cases is the same and, therefore, it is not necessary to give the facts of each case separately. In order to bring out the points for consideration in these cases we would like to give the facts of Writ Petition No. 6436 of 1980.

( 3 ) IN 1962 an emergency was imposed by the Government of India on account of the external aggression by the Chinese forces on the Indian territory. The Government was in great need of young men to join the military service at the risk of their lives to serve the nation to cope with the emergency needs of the Government of India. The Government of India as well as the State Governments decided to give certain benefits to encourage the young energetic youths to join military service at the critical juncture of national emergency. The Government in the States and the Centre issued different circulars and advertisements on radio a