Judgment

GAJENDRAGADKAR

( 1 ) THIS appeal has been brought to this Court by special leave and it challenges the validity of certain orders passed by the Certifying Authorities in respect of the draft Standing Orders which the appellant, The Rohtak Hissar District Electric Supply Co. Ltd. , had submitted to them for certification. Five respondents have been impleaded to this appeal; they are the State of U. P. Certifying Officer for Standing Orders and Labour Commissioner, U. P. , Kanpur, and three representatives of the employees respectively. At the hearing before us, the employees representatives have not appeared and the appeal has been contested by respondent No. 1 alone.

( 2 ) THE appellant is a Joint Stock Company incorporated under the Companies Act, and it has its registered office at Allahabad. The principal object for which this Company has been incorporated is to carry on the business or generation and distribution of electricity. In accordance with the provisions of the Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946 (No. 20 of 1946) (hereinafter called the Act), the appellant prepared draft Standing Orders in consultation with its employees and submitted the same to th