SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
SURYA KANT, J.K. MAHESHWARI, JJ.
Rama Mukherjee (Bhowmik) – Appellant
Versus
Mitra Mukherjee @ Ratna Choudhury – Respondent
Civil Appeal No. 1781 of 2023, SLP (C) No. 3631 of 2023
Decided On : 17-03-2023
Civil Procedure Code, 1908 – Order XVIII Rule 17 – Indian Evidence Act, 1872 – Section 137 – Cross-examination of witness – Appellant has been moving one after other application as a result of which probate proceedings filed by respondent, have been unnecessarily prolonged – At the same time, plea has been taken that appellant on account of her fragile health is now staying at Ranchi (Jharkhand) with her brother and has not been able to defend herself properly in probate proceedings – Ends of justice would adequately be met by granting only one opportunity to appellant to cross-examine respondent and another witness whose examination-in-chief has already been recorded – In case appellant fails to cross-examine witnesses, no further opportunity shall be granted – Similarly, no request to adduce additional evidence on behalf of appellant shall be entertained. (Paras 4, 5 and 6)
Facts of the case:
Appellant as well as the respondent both claim to be legally wedded wife of one late Dr. Soumendra Mohan Mukherjee. On his death, the respondent has filed probate proceedings before District Judge, Sonitpur, Tezpur, Assam. Appellant filed application in those probate proceedings disputing the status of respondent. It is not necessary to give details of the previous rounds of litigation between the parties before the District Judge, High Court and this Court. While appellant had filed Special Leave Petition before this Court in the matter of rejection of an application for amendment of written statement, Trial Court closed the evidence and rejected appellant’s request to adjourn the matter.
Findings of Court:
District Judge, before whom T.S.(P) No.43/2010 is pending, is directed to give only one opportunity to the appellant to cross-examine respondent and another witness within a period of three weeks.
Result : Appeal allowed in part.
ORDER :
1. Leave granted.
2. As per the Office Report, service is complete but no one has entered appearance on behalf of the sole respondent.
3. The appellant as well as the respondent both claim to be the legally wedded wife of one late Dr. Soumendra Mohan Mukherjee. On his death, the respondent has filed probate proceedings before the District Judge, Sonitpur, Tezpur, Assam. The appellant filed an application in those probate proceedings disputing the status of the respondent. It is not necessary to give details of the previous rounds of litigation between the parties before the District Judge, the High Court and this Court. Suffice to say that while the appellant had filed Special Leave Petition before this Court in the matter of rejection of an application for amendment of written statement, the Trial Court closed the evidence and rejected the appellant’s request to adjourn the matter. The appellant then filed another application before the Trial Court to allow her to cross-examine the respondent, which was also dismissed. She again approached the High Court but vide impugned order dated 21.09.2022, the High Court has dismissed the appellant’s Revision Petition, declining her request to cross-examine the respondent and one more witness, namely, Suren Gogoi. Feeling aggrieved, the appellant has approached this Court by way of the present appeal.
4. The High Court, to some extent, has rightly observed that the appellant has been moving one after the other application as a result of which the probate proceedings, filed by the respondent, have been unnecessarily prolonged. At the same time, a plea has been taken before us that the appellant on account of her fragile health is now staying at Ranchi (Jharkhand) with her brother and has not been able to defend herself properly in the probate proceedings.
5. Having heard learned counsel for the appellant and on carefully perusing the material placed on record, it appears to us that the ends of justice would adequately be met by granting only one opportunity to the appellant to cross-examine the respondent and another witness, namely, Suren Gogoi, whose examination-in-chief has already been recorded.
6. The appeal is, accordingly, allowed in part and the learned District Judge, before whom T.S. (P) No. 43/2010 is pending, is directed to give only one opportunity to the appellant to cross-examine the respondent and another witness, namely, Suren Gogoi within a period of three weeks. In case the appellant fails to cross-examine the witnesses, no further opportunity shall be granted. Similarly, no request to adduce additional evidence etc. on behalf of the appellant shall be entertained.
7. As a result, pending interlocutory applications also stand disposed of.
Cross-examination of witness can be allowed to meet ends of justice.
Balancing the petitioner's right to cross-examine with the delay caused and compensating the respondent.
The court emphasizes the need for time limits in proceedings and holds that cross-examination in matrimonial matters cannot continue endlessly.
The court highlighted the need for a delicate balance between expeditious disposal and fair opportunity in matrimonial disputes, considering the reasons for delay and the impact of external factors.
Cross examination of witness – Cross-examination of witness is meant to be opportunity to concerned party to rebut evidence given by witness – Same ought to be concluded within reasonable time limit ....
The main legal point established is that the right to cross-examine should be balanced with the circumstances of the party's absence and the prevailing legal framework, such as Covid-19 guidelines, t....
question as to whether a person was the legally wedded wife or not or was in an illicit relationship was not germane to decide whether the WILL propounded by her is true, genuine and valid. It is fur....
Procedural laws should not cause prejudice resulting in a miscarriage of justice.
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