SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
K.V. VISWANATHAN, J.
Sanjit Saha & Anr. – Appellants
Versus
The State of West Bengal - Respondent
Special Leave Petition (Crl.) D. No. 46699 of 2018
Decided on : 09-10-2023
Article 21 - Special Leave Petition - Section 376(2)(g) of the Indian Penal Code - Order XXII Rule 5 of the Supreme Court Rules, 2013 - Order V Rule 2(35) - Model Prison Manual, 2016
Fact of the Case:
The petitioners challenged their conviction under Section 376(2)(g) of the Indian Penal code and the sentence of rigorous imprisonment for 10 years. Petitioner No. 1 surrendered on 15.03.2019, but due to a communication gap, the Special Leave Petitions of both petitioners were peremptorily dismissed.
Finding of the Court:
The Court found that both petitioners had surrendered within the granted time, but due to a communication gap, their Special Leave Petitions were peremptorily dismissed. The Court emphasized the importance of communication between the jail authorities and the Court regarding the surrender of convicts.
Issues: The main issue was the peremptory dismissal of the Special Leave Petitions due to a communication gap regarding the surrender of the petitioners.
Ratio Decidendi: The Court emphasized the obligation of the jail authorities to communicate the factum of surrender of convicts to the Court, highlighting the importance of procedural safeguards and access to justice.
Final Decision: The Court recalled the order of peremptory dismissal for Petitioner No. 1 and restored the Special Leave Petition. However, the petition insofar as Petitioner No. 2 had abated due to his unfortunate demise.
ORDER :
1. The facts of this case raise issues touching upon Article 21 of the Constitution of India. The petitioner no. 2 – Anil Saha along with petitioner No. 1 – Sanjit Saha filed a common Special Leave Petition before this Court on 13.12.2018 challenging the judgment and order dated 05.07.2018 passed by the High Court at Calcutta passed in CRA No. 151 of 2014 with CRA No. 188 of 2014. The petitioners had challenged their conviction under Section 376(2)(g) of the Indian Penal code and the sentence of rigorous imprisonment for 10 years and the direction to pay a sum of Rs.20,000/-as fine and in default to suffer imprisonment for six months.
2. The Special Leave Petitions were duly supported by an affidavit of Anil Saha – petitioner no.2 sworn on 13.12.2018. The Special Leave Petitions were accompanied with an application for exemption from surrendering.
3. The application for exemption from surrendering came up before the Learned Chamber Judge on 01.03.2019 when the following order was made, in the presence of the counsel for the petitioners:-
Six weeks’ time is granted for surrendering and produce the proof thereof.”
4. Thereafter, the matter came up for hearing on 24.02.2020 before the Learned Judge In-Chambers and the Learned Judge after noticing that learned counsel for the petitioners has not filed proof of surrender, granted two weeks’ further time to file the surrender proof. The order indicates that the counsel engaged was not present at the hearing. It was also ordered that if the surrender proof is not filed within two weeks from 24.02.2020 the Special Leave Petitions were to be dismissed without any further reference to the Court.
5. On 25.09.2023 before me, as a Chamber Judge, three applications filed by the petitioner No.1 – Sanjit Saha came up for hearing. A Miscellaneous Application (Diary No.19330/2023) was filed by petitioner no. 1-Sanjit Saha for restoration of the Special Leave Petitions along with an application for condonation of delay and for recalling of the court’s order dated 24.02.2020. I.A. No.113070/2023 was for condonation of delay in filing and I.A. No.95673/2023 was for recalling of the Court’s order.
6. On being satisfied that the petitioner No.1 had surrendered on 15.03.2019 itself, the Special Leave Petition was restored insofar as Petitioner No.1 was concerned. It was noticed that since petitioner no.1 and petitioner no.2 had filed a common Special Leave Petitions and only petitioner no.1 had taken steps for recall by pointing out that he has in fact surrendered on 15.03.2019, an order was passed to conduct an enquiry about the status of the surrender of petitioner no.2.
7. For the sake of convenience, the order dated 25.09.2023, passed in the applications of Sanjit Saha, Petitioner No. 1, are set out hereinbelow:
The application for exemption from surrendering filed by the applicant came up for hearing on 01.03.2019 before the Judge In-Chambers. The applicant was given six weeks’ time to surrender and file proof thereof. Thereafter, the matter came up for hearing on 24.02.2020 before the Learned Judge In-Chambers and on the ground that surrender proof had not been filed an order was passed to the following effect:-
“Perused Office Report dated 21.01.2020.
By order dated 01.03.2019, Hon’ble Judge, In-Chamber, has rejected the application of the petitioners for exemption from surrendering. By the very same order six weeks’ time has been granted to the petitioners to surrender and produce the proof thereof.
In spite of time granted, learned counsel for the petitioner has not filed proof of surrender of the petitioners so far.
Two weeks’ further time is granted to learned counsel for the petitioners to file proof of surrender of the petitioners failing which the special leave petition(s) shall stand dismissed without any further
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The importance of verifying the identity of the litigant and ensuring compliance with procedural rules by the Advocateson Record.
Exemption from surrendering in special leave petitions is only applicable when the petitioner has been sentenced to imprisonment, as per Order XXII Rule 5 of the Supreme Court Rules, 2013.
Right to be released on default bail is akin to fundamental right to liberty guaranteed under Article 21 of Constitution of India.
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