SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
VIKRAM NATH, SATISH CHANDRA SHARMA, JJ.
Mohammed Ashraf – Appellant
Versus
The State of Karnataka and Others – Respondents
Criminal Appeal No. 274 of 2024, S.L.P. (Crl.) No. 3995 of 2019
Decided On : 16-01-2024
Appeal - Criminal Law - Acquittal of Appellant and Others - High Court's Proceeding in Absence of Counsel - Conviction of Appellant Set Aside
Fact of the Case:
The Trial Court convicted all the accused under Section 498-A IPC and Sections 3/4 of the Dowry Prohibition Act. On appeal, all the accused were acquitted. The State appealed before the High Court. The High Court confirmed the acquittal of the parents and sisters of the appellant but convicted the appellant under Section 498-A IPC. The appellant appealed to the Supreme Court.
Finding of the Court:
The Supreme Court set aside the conviction against the appellant due to the absence of the counsel for the respondents during the High Court's proceedings. The acquittal of the other accused and the appellant under section 3/4 of the Dowry Prohibition Act was confirmed. The appeal before the High Court was restored to its original number and was to be heard only with respect to the charge under section 498A IPC against the appellant.
Issues: High Court's proceeding in the absence of counsel, Conviction of the appellant, Acquittal of other accused
Ratio Decidendi: The High Court's proceeding in the absence of counsel for the respondents was a ground for setting aside the conviction against the appellant. The acquittal of the other accused and the appellant under section 3/4 of the Dowry Prohibition Act was confirmed.
Final Decision: The conviction against the appellant was set aside, and the acquittal of the other accused and the appellant under section 3/4 of the Dowry Prohibition Act was confirmed. The appeal before the High Court was restored to its original number and was to be heard only with respect to the charge under section 498A IPC against the appellant.
ORDER :
1. Leave granted.
2. The Trial Court convicted all the accused under Section 498-A IPC and Sections 3/4 of the Dowry Prohibition Act and awarded separate sentences for each of the offences. On appeal, all the accused were acquitted of all the charges. Surprisingly, the State went in appeal before the High Court. Before the High Court, the learned Single Judge proceeded to hear the appeal in the absence of the counsel for the respondents-accused therein and proceeded to confirm the acquittal of the parents of the present appellant as also his two sisters but at the same time reversed the acquittal of the appellant and convicted him under Section 498-A IPC only. It, however, maintained the acquittal under Sections 3/4 of the Dowry Prohibition Act.
3. Aggrieved by the same, the appellant is before us.
4. Paragraph 3 of the impugned judgment and order clearly records that the learned counsel representing the respondents before the High Court i.e., for all the five accused were absent. Despite the same, the High Court without appointing an amicus, proceeded to hear the appeal and pass the order of conviction against the appellant. On this short ground alone, the appeal deserves to be allowed. Accordingly, the impugned judgment and order of the High Court recording the conviction against the appellant is set aside. The rest of the order, insofar as it confirms the acquittal in favour of the other four accused and acquittal of appellant under section 3/4 of the Dowry Prohibition Act being in their favour, need not be meddled with and stands confirmed. The appeal before the High Court shall stand restored to its original number and shall be heard qua the appellant i.e. Dr. Mohammed Ashraf only with respect to charge under section 498A IPC only.
5. Pending applications, if any, shall stands disposed of.
A null and void marriage impacts the sustainability of a conviction under Section 498-A IPC.
The prosecution must prove dowry demands and cruelty beyond reasonable doubt for a conviction under Sections 498A and 304B IPC; mere allegations are insufficient.
The court emphasized that certain circumstances do not automatically invalidate allegations and that once a prima facie case is found, prosecution cannot be deemed bogus.
Once a charge sheet is filed after finding a prima facie case, it cannot be considered as a bogus prosecution under Section 482 Cr.P.C.
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